AP World History Time Period 1 Flashcards

7077003052	Origins of man	Africa.	0
7077003053	Homo sapiens sapiens	Direct ancestor of modern humans. Developed in East Africa between 200,000 and 100,000 years ago.	1
7077003054	Paleolithic	2.5 million to - 10,000 years ago (8,000BCE) . Literally means "Old Stone". Although humans also made tools from bone, antlers, and wood. Culture: hunting, gathering (foraging), and nomadism. Perhaps the most remarkable feat was Paleolithic people's ability to migrate and adapt to a wide range of environments.	2
7077003055	Hunter- Forager Society	At center of society was the nuclear family which then expanded outward to include ties between related families. These larger groups were called a Kinship group and included between 20-40 people. The Kinship group expanded out further to include a larger group called a clan. Often clans could further group together in time of need to form a tribe. - Trade often further connected these groups too.	3
7077003056	Patriarchal	Characteristic of a system of society or government controlled by men.	4
7077003057	Animism	The belief that the spirit world is connected intimately to all elements of nature, rivers, mountains, animals, etc.	5
7077003058	Shamanism	Religious leaders who were believed to have special connection with spirit world and an ability to connect with ancestors and cure the sick.	6
7077003059	Bering Strait Land Bridge	Colder temperatures and lower ocean levels allowed for early humans to cross from Asia into Americas in larger numbers in search of food	7
7077003060	Egalitarian	Relative equality within a human society. Typical of Paleolithic/Pre-civilized societies in which only small differences separated the poorest from wealthiest.	8
7077003061	Domestication	Taking an animal or plant and adapting it to human use.	9
7077003062	Mesolithic	Literally "Middle Stone". Sort of transition between Paleolithic and Neolithic. (12,000 to 8000 B.C.E.). More sophisticated tools, and first animal domesticates	10
7077003063	Neolithic/Neolithic Revolution	Literally "New Stone". Agriculture is the big game changer! Begins as early as 10,000 years ago (8000 BCE) in the Middle East - with agriculture humans begin moving toward what we call "civilization".	11
7077003064	Pastoralism	raising of livestock on natural pastures. (early pastoralist people spread farming technology because of mobility)	12
7077003065	Civilization	Agriculture eventually led to societies with settled communities (more urban) . Characteristics: specialization of labor, towns and cities, government, organized religion, technological innovations, including writing.	13
7077003066	Code of Hammurabi	Babylonian King laid down the procedure for law courts and regulated property rights and duties of family members, setting harsh punishments for crimes. Standardizing a legal system was one of the features of early river valley civilizations	14
7077003067	Cuneiform	Sumerian (Mesopotamian) writing. Perhaps the first writing system.	15
7077003068	Ziggurats	Temples to gods in Mesopotamia	16
7077003069	First Empire	Akkadian Empire (Mesopotamia) c. 2260-2223 B.C.E	17
7077003070	Egyptian political + state-organization	Unlike Mesopotamian civilization, Egyptian civilization featured very durable and centralized institutions led by pharaohs who ruled over Egypt's vast Empire.	18
7077003071	Religious make-up of pre-civilized societies	polytheistic	19
7077003072	Egyptian writing	hieroglyphics	20
7077003073	Olmecs	Olmec civilization prospered in Pre-Classical (Formative) Mesoamerica from c. 1200 BCE to c. 400 BCE and is generally considered the forerunner of all subsequent Mesoamerican cultures such as the Maya and Aztecs.	21
7077003074	Chavin	The Chavin civilization flourished between 900 and 200 BCE in the northern and central Andes and was one the earliest pre-Inca cultures.	22
7077003075	Phoenician's key cultural contribution	Phoenician's were a seafaring people from the Levant that eventually settled in North Africa. They developed a simplified alphabet that greatly influenced Greek and Latin culture	23
7077003076	Developed Monotheism	Hebrews worshipped 1 god. (remember this was exceptional at time - most people polytheistic)	24
7077003077	Theocracy	A form of government in which a ruler has political and religious authority	25