AP World History Chapter Nineteen Notecards Flashcards

8617145761	Ottoman Empire	Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia ca. 1300. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Otto- man Empire was based at Istanbul (formerly Constan- tinople) from 1453 to 1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe. 19.548	0
8617145762	Suleiman the Magnificent	The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520- 1566); also known as Suleiman Kanuni, "The Lawgiver." He significantly expanded the empire in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean. 19.548	1
8617145763	Janissaries	Infantry, origi- nally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826. 19.551	2
8617145764	Tulip Period	(1718-1730) Last years of the reign of Ottoman sultan Ahmed III, during which European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul. 19.555	3
8617145765	Safavid Empire	Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state. 19.557	4
8617145766	Shi'ites	Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Shi'ism is the state religion of Iran. 19.557	5
8617145767	Hidden Imam	Last in a series of twelve descen- dants of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali, whom Shi'ites consider divinely appointed leaders of the Muslim community. In occlusion since ca. 873, he is expected to return as a messiah at the end of time. 19.558	6
8617145768	Shah Abbas I	The fifth and most renowned ruler of the Safavid dynasty in Iran (r. 1587-1629). Abbas moved the royal capital to Isfahan in 1598. 19.558	7
8617145769	Mughal Empire	Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. 19.561	8
8617145770	Akbar	Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. 19.561	9
8617145771	Mansabs	In India, grants of land given in return for service by rulers of the Mughal Empire. 19.561	10
8617145772	Rajputs	Members of a mainly Hindu warrior caste from northwest India. The Mughal emperors drew most of their Hindu officials from this caste, and Akbar married a Rajput princess. 19.561	11
8617145773	Acheh Sultanate	Muslim kingdom in northern Sumatra. Main center of Islamic expansion in Southeast Asia in the early seventeenth century, it declined after the Dutch seized Malacca from Portugal in 1641. 19.564	12
8617145774	Oman	Arab state based in Musqat, the main port in the southeast region of the Ara- bian peninsula. Oman suc- ceeded Portugal as a power in the western Indian Ocean in the eighteenth century. 19.566	13
8617145775	Swahili	Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa. 19.566	14
8617145776	Batavia	Fort established ca. 1619 as headquarters of Dutch East India Company operations in Indonesia; today the city of Jakarta. 19.567	15