Ap World History Flashcards

11530312500	barter	Exchange goods without involving money.	0
11530312501	aramaic	a Semitic language, a Syrian dialect	1
11530312502	trade	Exchange of goods and services	2
11530312503	Assyrian Empire	they did mass deportation with the people who lived in the cities they conquered	3
11530312504	Persian Empire	strong military , the people who were conquered could have their own beliefs	4
11530312505	Judiasim	the monotheistic religion of the Jews.	5
11530312506	slavery	the condition of being owned by another person and being made to work without wages	6
11530312507	xerxes	son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C.	7
11530312508	Cyrus the Great	A remarkable leader who managed to reunite he Persian Empire in a powerful kingdom. Under Cyrus, Persia began building an empire larger than any yet seen in the world	8
11530312509	King Darius 1	king of Persia who tried to invade Greece but was defeated	9
11530312510	empire	A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler	10
11530312511	Carthage	capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization	11
11530312512	Phoenicians	Semitic people	12
11530312513	Zoroastrianism	One of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia.	13
11530312514	Satrap	a governor of a province in the Persian Empire	14
11530312515	herodotus	Greek Historian, considered the father of History.	15
11530312516	Crete	the largest Greek island	16
11530312517	Myceneans	an Indo-European person who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.	17
11530312518	Greek Pantheon	the set of gods and goddesses	18
11530312519	Polytheism	belief in more than one god	19
11530312520	Aegean sea	an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, east of Greece	20
11530312521	Polis	city-state	21
11530312522	Acropolis	high city	22
11530312523	Democracy	A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them	23
11530312524	Hellenistic Age	Spread of Greek culture/ideas	24
11530312525	Alexander the Great	great military general; died mysteriously at 33; founded Alexandria in Egypt	25
11530312526	Peloponnesian War	(431-404 BCE) The war between Athens and Sparta that in which Sparta won, but left Greece as a whole weak and ready to fall to its neighbors to the north.	26
11530312527	Persian War	A series of wars between the Greeks (mainly Athens) and the Persians in which the Greeks were usually victorious.	27
11530312528	philosophy	A system of beliefs and values	28
11530312529	Socrates	(470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes.	29
11530312530	Plato	Socrates' most well known pupil. Founded an academy in Athens.	30
11530312531	Aristotle	A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato	31
11530312532	Pericles	Aristocratic leader who guided the Athenian state through the transformation to full participatory democracy for all male citizens.	32
11530312533	Tyrant	a cruel and oppressive ruler	33
11530312534	Sparta	A powerful Greek miliary polis that was often at war with Athens. Used slaves known as helots to provide agricultural labor.	34
11530312535	Athens	A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.	35
11530312536	Greco-Persian Wars	Series of battles and conflicts between the Greek City-States and the Persian Empire	36
11530312537	Macedonia	An ancient kingdom north of Greece, whose ruler Philip II conquered Greece in 338 B.C.	37
11530312538	Citizen	a legal member of a country	38
11530312539	Alexandrias	A series of cities founded by Alexander the Great, who believed that cities were an effective way to spread Greek culture; the first Alexandria, in Lower Egypt, became a hub of ancient culture, philosophy, and science; there were dozens of other Alexandrias founded throughout Afro-Eurasia.	39
11530312540	Olympics	Greek athletic competitions to celebrate the Gods and feed city-state rivalries	40
11530312541	Ptolemy	took over Egypt for many years	41
11530312542	Vedic age	A period in the history of India; It was a period of transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled village communities, with cattle the major form of wealth.	42
11530312543	Hinduism	A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms	43
11530312544	Vedas	Collections of hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals honoring the barious gods of the Aryans.	44
11530312545	Monsoon	A seasonal wind.	45
11530312546	varna/jati	social classes based on Aryan classes/guilds based on occupation	46
11530312547	Aryas	light skinned speakers of Indo-European languages	47
11530312548	Dasas	Name the Aryans gave to the people they found in India; means dark skin	48
11530312549	Karma	The belief that actions in this life, whether good or bad, will decide your place in the next life.	49
11530312550	Reincarnation	The rebirth of a soul in a new body	50
11530312551	Sacrifice	something given up for the sake of another	51
11530312552	Moksha	liberation	52
11530312553	Dhamma	Universal law; ultimate truth; teachings of the Buddha	53
11530312554	Jainism	a religion founded in India in the sixth century BC, whose members believe that everything in the universe has a soul and therefore shouldn't be harmed. Mahavira founded this religion.	54
11530312555	Buddhism	Belief system that started in India in the 500s BC. Happiness can be achieved through removal of one's desires. Believers seek enlightenment and the overcoming of suffering.	55
11530312556	Siddhartha Gautama	The prince who is said to have founded Buddhism.	56
11530312557	Nirvana	a condition of great peace or happiness	57
11530312558	Stupas	a dome-shaped structure erected as a Buddhist shrine.	58
11530312559	Mauryan Empire	A major empire (322-185 B.C.E.) that encompassed most of India.	59
11530312560	theater-state	Term historians use for a state that aquires prestige and power by developing attractive cultural forms and staging elaborate public ceremonies to attract and bind subjects to the center.	60
11530312561	Doaism	Religion that teaches people to give up earthly desires in favor of nature	61
11530312562	Confucianism	The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.	62
11530312563	Legalism	the belief that people were bad by nature and needed to be controlled	63
11530312564	Qin Dynasty	the Chinese dynasty (from 246 BC to 206 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall	64
11530312565	Han Dynasty	(202 BCE-220 CE) This dynasty continued the centralization of the Qin Dynasty, but focused on Confucianism and education instead of Legalim.	65
11530312566	Terracotta Army	a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China for his afterlife plans	66
11530312567	Sima Qian	A Chinese scholar, astronomer, and historian; author of the most important history of ancient China, Historical Records	67
11530312568	Yin and Yang	two forces in the universe, according to Chinese Theory: Yin is the passive, negative force, and Yang the active, positive force	68
11530312569	Silk Road	Connected China, India, and the Middle East. Traded goods and helped to spread culture.	69
11530312570	Indian Ocean Maritime System	Trade network across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea	70
11530312571	trans-Saharan caravan routes	Trading networks linking North Africa with sub-Saharan Africa across the Sahara	71
11530312572	"great traditions"	cultural heritages shared by the educated elites	72
11530312573	"small traditions"	local customs and beliefs	73
11530312574	bantu	The people who spread throughout Africa spreading agriculture, language, and iron.	74
11530312575	Islam	A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.	75
11530312576	Muslim	a follower of the religion of Islam	76
11530312577	Muhammad	the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632)	77
11530312578	Allah	god	78
11530312579	5 Pillars of Islam	1. belief in one God, Allah, and Muhammad his prophet2. daily prayer; pray 5 times a day facing Mecca- mosques- Jewish places for worship 3. alms (offering) for the poor 4. fasting (sunrise to sunset) during Ramadan (September-October) 5. hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in your lifetime (and visit Kaaba)	79
11530312580	Quran	The holy book of Islam	80
11530312581	Mecca	the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace	81
11530312582	Medina	a city in western Saudi Arabia; a city where Muhammad preached	82
11530312583	Umma	The community of all Muslims	83
11530312584	Caliphate	Islamic empire ruled by those believed to be the successors to the Prophet Muhammad.	84
11530312585	Sunnis	followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads	85
11530312586	Shiites	Muslims that believe that only direct descendants of Muhammad should become caliph	86
11530312587	Senate	In ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats.	87
11530312588	People's Assembly	A Plebian assembly that had the force of law. It could pass or veto any law.	88
11530312589	Century Assembly	Ruling body of elites	89
11530312590	Consuls	The two most powerful officials in Rome	90
11530312591	Patricians	landholding upper class	91
11530312592	plebeian	Farmer, artisan, or merchant; commoner	92
11530312593	Checks and Balances	used to keep the government from getting too powerful in one branch	93
11530312594	Punic Wars	Wars fought between Rome and Carthage	94
11530312595	economic depression	is a period when business activity slows, prices and wages drop, and unemployment rises	95
11530312596	Paterfamilias	the head of the family or household in Roman law -always male- and the only member to have full legal rights. This person had absolute power over his family, which extended to life and death.	96
11530312597	Pompeii	ancient city southeast of Naples that was buried by a volcanic eruption from Vesuvius	97
11530312598	Julius Caesar	100-44 B.C. Roman general who became the republic's dictator in 45 B.C.	98
11530312599	Pompey	fought civil war with Caesar and lost , then ran away to Egypt	99
11530313048	Triumvirate	a government by three people with equal power	100
11530313049	Cleopatra	last pharaoh of Egypt; had relationships with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony; Octavian's enemy	101
11530313050	Octavian/Augustus Caesar	grandnephew of Julius Caesar, adopted as his son; Augustus means "exalted" or "majestic"; became the 1st Roman Emperor	102
11530313051	Christianity	the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices.	103
11530313052	Jesus	Founder of Christianity	104
11530313053	Paul	Follower of Jesus who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman world , prophet	105
11530313054	Monotheism	Belief in one God	106
11530313055	Abrahamic Faiths	Judaism, Christianity, Islam	107