chapter 2 voyages textbook: AP world history Flashcards

8509252326	Mesopotamia	Greek for "between the rivers" : the region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in today's Iraq and eastern Syria.	0
8509266599	Gilgamesh	Name of a historic king of Uruk (modern-day Warka, Iraq) who ruled between 2700 and 2500 B.C.E. Also the name of an epic about him.	1
8509287937	Complex Society	Society characterized by a large urban center with specialized labor and social stratification, as well as the belief that rulers and deities were entitled to surpluses the society produced.	2
8509302209	City-state	A city whose ruler governs both the city center and the surrounding countryside.	3
8509303964	Bronze	An alloy of copper and tin used to make the earliest of metal tools.	4
8509309619	Wheel	An important innovation in transport dating to 3500 B.C.E.	5
8509431575	Sumer	A geographical term from Akkadian meaning the ancient region of southern Mesopotamia.	6
8509438674	Cuneiform	The term meaning "wedged shape," for the writing system of Sumer in its late stages, when the script became completely phonetic.	7
8509445369	Sargon of Akkad	(r. 2334-2279 B.C.E.) The first ruler to unify Mesopotamia. Changed the language of administration to Akkadian.	8
8509452280	Empire	A large territory in which one people rule over other subject peoples with different languages and different religious traditions.	9
8509460154	Pharaoh	The god-king who ruled the unified kingdom Egypt from at least 3100 B.C.E.	10
8509512161	Nubia	Region south of the First Cataract on the Nile, in the modern-day Egypt and Sudan; was an important trading partner of Egypt.	11
8509516830	Hieroglyphs	The writing system of ancient Egypt, which consisted of different symbols, some pictorial, and some phonetic, used on official inscriptions.	12
8509519345	Papyrus	A convenient but perishable writing material made from a reed that grew naturally along the Nile.	13
8509581364	Hittites	A people based in Anatolia, Turkey, and Syria who spoke the Indo-European language of Hittite and learned to work iron around 2000 B.C.E. The Hittite empire reached its greatest extent between 1322 and 1220 B.C.E. and ended around 1200 B.C.E.	14
8509589061	Iron	A metal used to make farm tools and weapons; iron smelting was an important technology because iron implements were much more durable than those made of bronze.	15
8509593107	Monotheism	Belief in only one god.	16
8509594055	Jew	A term (derived from Hebrew) that originally meant a member of the nation of Judah and later came to refer to all Hebrews.	17