AP World History Period 1 Flashcards

From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER

11691002376	hunting and gathering	Means of obtaining subsistence (staying alive) by humans before the mastery of sedentary (staying in one spot) agriculture; normally a tribal social organization	0
11691002377	civilization	Societies with reliance on sedentary (in one place) agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses (extra food!), and existence of non-farming elites, along with merchant (sales) and groups that manufacturing (make stuff)	1
11691002378	neolithic	The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which agriculture was invented; domestication (control by humans) of plants and animals accomplished	2
11691002379	nomadic societies	Groups of people who continually move from one location to another in order for their animals to graze and to find additional sources of food	3
11691002380	culture	Combination of ideas, art, "norms", and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction	4
11691002381	agrarian revolution	Occurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary (settled) farming	5
11691002382	pastoralism	A nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; often created independent tribes capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies	6
11691002383	Catal Huyuk	Early urban culture/civiization based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification (hierarchy)	7
11691002384	Bronze Age	From 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing develops	8
11691002385	Mesopotamia	Literally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys	9
11691002386	potter's wheel	A technological advance in pottery making; invented circa 6000 B.C.E.; improves food/material storage and transport	10
11691002387	Sumerians	People who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states	11
11691002388	cuneiform	A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets	12
11691002389	city-state	A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of a city that controlled surrounding farmland	13
11691002390	ziggurat	a massive building usually associated with Mesopotamian temples	14
11691002391	Babylonian Empire	Unified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E.	15
11691002392	Hammurabi	The most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification (making it official) of the law	16
11691002393	Pharaoh	The term used to denote the kings of ancient Egypt;	17
11691002394	pyramids	Monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs	18
11691002395	hieroglyphs	Form of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform	19
11691002396	Kush	African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile circa 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries	20
11691002397	monotheism	The exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization	21
11691002398	Phoenicians	Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean	22
11691002399	Harappa and Mohenjo Daro	Major urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern	23
11691002400	Aryans	Indo-European nomadic, warlike, pastorialists who replaced Harappan civilization	24
11691002401	Huanghe (Yellow) River Basin	Site of the development of sedentary (settled) agriculture in China	25
11691002402	Shang	1st Chinese dynasty (after the legendary Xia)	26
11691002403	Oracles	Shamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpreting animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing	27
11691002404	ideographic writing	Pictograph characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing	28
11691002405	Big Geography	A term that draws attention to the global nature of world history.	29
11691002406	Paleolithic	The period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates (before) the Neolithic period.	30
11691002407	Human migration during Paleolithic era	movement of humans from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas	31
11691002408	egalitarian	equality among people (no social levels)	32
11691002409	Neolithic Revolution	period of change from hunter-gatherer lifestyle to agricultural lifestyles associated with domestication of animals, farming, and settlement	33
11691002410	patriarchy	father based/male dominated society (controlled by men)	34
11691002411	climatic change	Permanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean, possibly as a response to what?	35
11691002412	weapons	Pastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of of ____ and forms of transportation that transformed warfare in agrarian civilizations	36
11691002413	horses	major mode of transportation used and developed by pastoralists	37
11691002414	art	This cultural phenomenon was usually promoted (encouraged) by the wealthiest and most powerful members of society (kings, priests, etc.)	38
11691002415	record-keeping systems	these political and economic strategies arose independently in all early civilization and subsequently diffused through trade and migration	39
11691002416	Nile River	This river flooded regularly which became extremely important for agriculture in the early Egyptian civilizations.	40
11691002417	Tigris River	This river's floods were unpredictable and impacted the development of the Mesopotamian civilization.	41
11691002418	Mesopotamian	Unpredictable weather patterns affected the development of the _____ civilization.	42
11691002419	Nubia and Kush	Kingdoms upriver from Egypt.	43
11691002422	Standard of Ur		44
11691002423	Harappan King or Priest Figure		45
11691002420	Jericho	One of the earliest cities: located in modern Israel.	46
11691002421	Catal-Hyouk	One of the earliest cities: located in modern Turkey.	47