Stearns AP World History Chapter 10 Vocab Flashcards

9110465764	Middle Ages	The post-classical period in Western Europe that existed between the fall of Rome and the 15th century	0
9110465765	Vikings	Seagoing Scandinavian raiders from Sweden, Denmark, and Norway who disrupted coastal areas of Western Europe from the 8th to 11th centuries	1
9110465766	manorialism	System that described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages	2
9110465767	serfs	Peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system of the Middle Ages	3
9110465768	moldboard	Heavy plow introduced in Northern Europe in the Middle Ages; permitted deeper cultivation of heavier soils	4
9110465769	three-field system	System of agricultural cultivation in the 9th century in Western Europe in which a third of the land was left unplanted each year to regain fertility	5
9110465770	Clovis	Early Frankish king; converted Franks to Christianity; allowed establishment of Frankish kingdom	6
9110465771	Carolingians	Royal house of Franks after the 8th century until their replacement in the 10th century	7
9110465772	Charles Martel	Carolingian monarch of Franks; responsible for defeating Muslims in battle of Tours; ended Muslim threat to Western Europe	8
9110465773	Charlemagne	Carolingian monarch who established a substantial empire in France and Germany	9
9110465774	vassals	Lesser lords in the feudal system	10
9110465775	William the Conqueror	Invaded England from Normandy; extended tight feudal system to England; established administrative system based on sheriffs; established centralized monarchy	11
9110465776	Magna Carta	Great Charter issued by King John of England in 1215; confirmed feudal rights against monarchical claims; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy	12
9110465777	Hundred Years War	Conflict between England and France; fought over lands England possessed in France and feudal rights versus the emerging claims of national states	13
9110465778	Urban II	Called First Crusade; appealed to Christians to mount military assault to free the Holy Land from the Muslims	14
9110465779	Gregory VII	Reform-minded pope who tried to purify the church and free it from interference by feudal lords	15
9110465780	Peter Abelard	Author of Yes and No; university scholar who applied logic to problems of theology; demonstrated logical contradictions within established doctrine	16
9110465781	Bernard of Clairvaux	A powerful monk who challenged the ideas of Abelard; stressed the importance of mystical union with God	17
9110465782	Thomas Aquinas	An Italian monk and scholar who taught at the University of Paris	18
9110465783	scholasticism	The dominant medieval philosophical approach	19
9110465784	Hanseatic League	Commercial alliance between northern Germany and southern Scandinavia	20
9110465785	guilds	Sworn associations of people in the same business or craft in a single city	21
9110465786	Saint Godric	12th century Englishman who left the material life and went to Rome to lead a life centered around Christianity	22
9110465787	Benedict of Nursia	6th century Italian who spread the most important monastic rules, the Benedictine monasteries	23
9110465788	Roger Bacon	Oxford clergy member who experimented with the study of optics and later invented the eyeglasses	24
9110465789	Raoul de Cambrai	Hero of a French epic that set fire to a convent of nuns during lent and justified his actions by saying the nuns deserved it because they were making fun of his soldiers	25
9110465790	Geoffrey Chaucer	Writer of the Canterbury Tales	26
9110465791	Jacques Coeur	One of Europe's most successful merchants that moved his way up to the position of financial advisor for the king of France; was eventually banished from France for selling weapons to Muslims	27