Chapter 8 AP World History Flashcards

8146896808	Who founded Confucianism?	Confucius or Kong Fuzi	0
8146900145	When did Confucius live?	551-479 BCE	1
8146925992	When was the Period of the Warring States?	403-221 BCE	2
8146933315	Which philosophy focused on Leading by example?	Confucianism	3
8146935998	The Analects-	Confucius' students wrote down his ideas	4
8146942309	What was different between previous religions and Confucianism?	Confucianism didn't think about vague philosophical questions; it was more practical	5
8146945915	junzi-	educated, unbiased and conscientious individuals that Confucius believed should be in control of the government	6
8146954599	Confucius believed that the establishment of _____ relations was ____ important than that of powerful ______	human; more; states	7
8146961098	What are the 5 Key Relationships of Confucianism?	1) ruler/subject 2)father/son 3)husband/wife 4)older brother/younger brother 5)friend/friend	8
8146969795	What is the only equal relationship according to Confucianism?	friend/friend	9
8146982973	Confucius had his students read ______	poetry	10
8146987163	ren:	being kind or having humanity; needed by gov't officials; loyal diligent and respectful	11
8146992099	li:	having propriety, or doing what is socially appropriate(proper); being courteous and showing respect	12
8147005607	xiao:	FILIAL PIETY; respect for your parents	13
8147029370	What would happen to people who followed Confucian principles o behavior?	They would gain societal influence and return social and political order to China	14
8147034930	Confucian thought was ________ and ________, which helped it to last for a long time	general; flexible	15
8147038533	religion-	a set of beliefs concerning the cause/nature/purpose of the universe, especially when considered was the creation of a superhuman agency, usually involving devotional ritual observances and often containing a moral code governing the conduct tor human affairs	16
8147049382	Philosophy-	rational investigation of the truths and principles of basic knowledge or conduct	17
8147061525	_______ and _____ were disciples of Confucius	Mencius; Xunxi	18
8147064747	Mencius-	(371-289 BCE) well-educated; he traveled and advised political leaders during the Period of Warring States	19
8147082059	Mencius believed that human nature was ____ and emphasized a gov't of ________ and __________	good; humanity; benevolence	20
8147205249	Mencius emphasized the quality of ___	ren	21
8147206784	Xunzi	(298-238 BCE) He believed that people were like "warped lumber"; bad people could turn good	22
8147223514	Xunzi believed that humans were always _______ and needed ___________	selfish; strict discipline	23
8147236154	Xunzi emphasized the quality of ___	li	24
8147238910	Who founded Taoism?	Laozi (6th Century BCE)	25
8147242157	The Daodejing	"classic of the way and of virtue"; contributed by many people and contained the teachings of Laozi	26
8147250282	Zhuangzi	a book contains Daoist philosophies; it was the most important Taoist book written after the Daodejing; made dun of Confucianism	27
8147263020	The Dao is considered a _______ force	passive	28
8147269540	According to Daoism, people should stop getting involved in ________ and try to live ______	politics; simply	29
8147273756	Who were the "Chinese Hippies"?	Daoists	30
8147276643	Wuwei:	The most important virtue of Daoism; disengagement from competition and active involvement in world affairs	31
8147295573	The Daoists believed in ______ ___________ communities with ______ government	small independent; little	32
8147299060	"Confucians by day, Daoists by night"	Some parts of Daoism appealed to Confucians	33
8147303777	Legalism	a philosophy on how to govern; not concerned with morality	34
8147318108	Shang Yang	(390-338 BCE) minister for the duke of the Qin state; wrote the Book of Lord Shang; clever, efficient/feared, hated; contributed to Legalist Doctrine	35
8147344990	Han Fezi	(280-233 BCE) A student of Xunzi and a Qin advisor; wrote essays on Legalist ideas	36
8147376133	Legalists believed that a states power came from their ____ and __________ _________	army; agricultural production	37
8147389643	Legalists wanted to have as many __________ and ________ as possible	cultivators; warriors	38
8147777340	Legalists believed in _____ punishments for _____ crimes	harsh; small	39
8147784624	Rulers who used Legalist principles...	saw great results	40
8147793772	Was the Qin Dynasty Decentralized or Centralized? Was it bureaucratic?	It was centralized and bureaucratic; there were provinces, but the emperor had absolute power	41
8147801452	When was the Qin Dynasty?	221-207 BCE	42
8147806573	Who founded the Qin dynasty?	Qin Shihuangdi	43
8147827590	The _____ dynasty unified China through Legalist traditions	Qin	44
8147831102	Where was the Qin capital?	Xianyang	45
8147854537	Qin Shihuangdi built _____ for communication and military movement, _________ ________ ______ to prevent rebellion, and made _____ for defense	roads; disarmed regional armies; walls	46
8147875526	___ ___________ ordered the burning of historical, philosophical and religious books and the killing of scholars	Qin Shihuangdi	47
8147889971	Qin Shihuangdi standardized ____, _____, _______, and ________ during the ____ Dynasty	laws; coins; weights; measures; Qin	48
8147899447	Standardization of Chinese Script	During the Qin dynasty, different dialects were spoken, but everyone wrote the same way	49
8147917493	The tomb of Qin Shihuangdi	he was buried in an underground palace with an army of life-size terra cotta soldiers	50
8147939509	Liu Bang	Declared himself the first emperor of the Han Dynasty	51
8147989832	Is the Han dynasty Centralized or Decentralized?	Liu Bang experiments with decentralization, but after his family lets him down, it turns ultimately to CENTRALIZATION	52
8148015528	Who almost captured Emperor Liu Bang?	nomadic Xiongnu warriors	53
8148025567	Who was the most important Han emperor?	Han Wudi (reigned 141-87 BCE)	54
8148037264	Han Wudi built a huge ____________ and used ________ principles	bureaucracy; Legalist	55
8148040203	Who was the martial emperor?	Han Wudi (he was alway prepared for war and imperial expansion)	56
8148049501	Han Wudi created a monopoly of the ____, ____, and ______ industries	salt, iron, liquor	57
8148059390	Audi created a school for young men based on __________ principles	Confucian	58
8148088966	Han Wudi conquered _______ and ______, which spread confucian values and education systems	Vietnam; Korea	59
8148097274	The Xiongnu	nomadic people from Central Asian steppes who spoke Turkish; they were great horsemen but lacked superior weapons	60
8148160983	Maodun	The most successful Xioingnu leader; his army threatened the Han empire	61
8148175740	After the Han Dynasty took control of the Xiongnu empire, they controlled _______ and ____ Asia	central; east	62
8148182693	Han Society was ____________	patriarchal	63
8148185086	Ban Zhao	a woman scholar; she wrote Lessons for Women; believed that women should be educated just like men, but that women should be subservient to the males in their lives	64
8148199161	What were the 2 main products produced by the Han Empire?	Silk and Iron	65
8148209804	To monopolize the ____ industry, Han Wudi organized ___ regional offices to manage it	iron; 47	66
8148216182	______ became used in Households because it was _______ than bronze	iron; cheaper	67
8148217428	Sericulture	the production of silk	68
8148221639	Silk textiles were used for _____	trade	69
8148224182	Why was Chinese silk better than that of other regions?	They bred their own silkworms instead of using wild ones and fed them a specific diet	70
8148237166	Chinese artisans improved technologies like __________, _____ _____, and ____ _______	crossbows; horse yokes; ship rudders	71
8148241713	Why was the invention of paper beneficial?	It was cheaper and easier to write on than bark or silk	72
8148251767	Rich people diet/clothing	pork, fowl, fish, wine/ silk, leather shoes, jade and gold jewelry	73
8148255945	Poor people clothing/diet	hemp clothes and sandals/grain or rice and little vegetables or meat	74
8148286305	As the divide between the rich and poor grew in the Han dynasty...	peasants began to rebel	75
8148304172	There was a problem with land distribution in the Han Dynasty because...	small landowners were forced to sell land to settle debt, so the rich kept on getting richer	76
8148311422	Wang Mang	He was the regent for a 2-year-old boy in 6 CE; he claimed the mandate of Heaven and took the throne in 9 CE; He had good ideas to solve land distribution problems, but there was no communication, so they were executed poorly	77
8148326209	The Yellow Turban Uprising	peasants revolted which weakened the Later Han Dynasty	78
8148347490	The Han Dynasty declined until it the gov't disintegrated in ____	220 CE	79