AP World History Chapter 3 State and Empire Flashcards
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| 10826461119 | Ahura Mazda | Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world | 0 | |
| 10826461120 | Alexander the Great | conqueror of Persian Empire and part of northwest India | 1 | |
| 10826461121 | Alexander III of Macedon | Conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India | 2 | |
| 10826461122 | Aryans | Indo-European pastoralists moved into India about time of the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization; their role in causing this collapse is still debated by historians | 3 | |
| 10826461123 | Ashoka | Most famous ruler Mauryan empire (r. 268-232 B.C.E.), converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance. | 4 | |
| 10826461124 | Athenian democracy | radical form of direct democracy free male population of Athens had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by lot | 5 | |
| 10826461125 | Caesar Augustus | great-nephew, adopted son of Julius Caesar emerged sole ruler of Roman state at end of extended period of civil war (r. 31 B.C.E.-14 C.E.). | 6 | |
| 10826461126 | Cyrus the Great | Founder of Persian Empire (r. 557-530 B.C.E.); noted for his conquests, religious tolerance, and political moderation | 7 | |
| 10826461127 | Darius I | Great king of Persia (r. 522-486 B.C.E) following upheavals after Cyrus's death; completed establishment of the Persian Empire. | 8 | |
| 10826461128 | Greco Persian Wars: | two major Persian invasions of Greece, in 490 B.C.E and 480 B.C.E, which Persians were defeated on land and sea. | 9 | |
| 10826461129 | Gupta Empire | An empire of India (320-550 C.E.). | 10 | |
| 10826461130 | Han dynasty | Chinese dynasty (206 B.C.E to 220 C.E.), created durable state based on Shihuangdi's state-building achievement. | 11 | |
| 10826461131 | Hellenistic era | Greek culture (323-30 B.C.E) Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia in the kingdoms ruled by Alexander's political successors. | 12 | |
| 10826461132 | Herodotus | Greek historian "father of history" (ca. 484-ca. 425 B.C.E), Histories gave Greek view fundamental divide between East-West, culminating Greco-Persian Wars(490-480 B.C.E) | 13 | |
| 10826461133 | Hoplite | Heavily armed Greek infantryman, Over time, ability to afford a hoplite panoply and to fight for city defined Greek citizenship. | 14 | |
| 10826461134 | Ionia | Territory of Greek settlements on coast of Anatolia; main contention between the Greeks and the Persian Empire | 15 | |
| 10826461135 | Mandate of Heaven | Ideological underpinning of Chinese emperors, belief ruler held authority by command of divine force as long as he ruled morally and benevolently. | 16 | |
| 10826461151 | Battle of Marathon | Athenian victory over a Persian invasion in 490 B.C.E | 17 | |
| 10826461136 | Mauryan Empire | major empire (322-185 B.C.E.) encompassed most of India. | 18 | |
| 10826461137 | Olympic Games | Greek religious festival and athletic competition in honor of Zeus; founded in 776 B.C.E and celebrated every four years. | 19 | |
| 10826461138 | Patricians | Wealthy, privileged Romans who dominated early Roman society | 20 | |
| 10826461139 | pax Romana | "Roman peace" typically denoted stability and prosperity of early Roman Empire, especially first and second centuries C.E. | 21 | |
| 10826461152 | Peloponnesian War | Great war between Athens (and allies) and Sparta (and allies), lasting from 431 to 404 B.C.E. Conflict ended in the defeat of Athens and the closing of Athens's Golden Age | 22 | |
| 10826461140 | Persepolis | capital, greatest palace-city of Persian Empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great | 23 | |
| 10826461141 | Persian Empire | Major empire expanded from Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India; flourished from around 550 to 330 B.C.E | 24 | |
| 10826461142 | Plebeians | Poorer, less-privileged Romans - who gradually won a role in Roman politics. | 25 | |
| 10826461143 | Punic Wars | Three major wars between Rome and Carthage in North Africa, fought between 264 and 146 B.C.E, culminated in Roman victory and control of the western Mediterranean. | 26 | |
| 10826461144 | Qin dynasty | Short-lived (221-206 B.C.E.) but highly influential Chinese dynasty succeeded in reuniting China at the end of the Warring States period | 27 | |
| 10826461145 | Qin Shihuangdi | Literally "first emperor from the Qin"; Shihuangdi (r. 221-210 B.C.E.) forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state. | 28 | |
| 10826461146 | Solon | Athenian statesman-lawmaker (594-560 B.C.E.)reforms led Athenians toward democracy | 29 | |
| 10826461147 | Wudi | Han emperor (r. 141-86 B.C.E.) began Chinese civil service system by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats | 30 | |
| 10826461148 | Xiongnu | Nomadic peoples north-China's Great Wall-frequent threat to Chinese states stability | 31 | |
| 10826461149 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | Major Chinese peasant revolt(184 C.E.) cause fall of Han dynasty. | 32 |