Chapter 9 Ap World History Flashcards

Sasanid Empire and Islamic Rise

11291535595	Sasanid Empire	Iranian Empire (Est. 224) in Ctesiphon Mesopotamia -Zoroastrianism as state religion -Overthrown my Islamic Arab armies in 651	0
11291733708	Ardashir	227 C. E. killed the Parthian king and proclaimed the Sassanian Empire.	1
11291736449	Sasanid Politics	-conflict with Byzantine -Subsidised nomadic arabs to protect their desertt borders -attacks between 340-628 -cities were small, walled communities, more like military forts -effectively integrated frontier peoples	2
11291777127	New Sassanian Crops	Sugar cane, rice, citrus trees, eggplants and more gained from India and China	3
11291783231	Nestorians	Believed human traits and divinity coexisted -that Mary was not the mother of God, rather a Human Jesus	4
11291812612	Manichaesim	Mani founded a new religion, a dualist faith of good vs evil	5
11291816995	Arab Involvement in Caravan trade	Arab pastoralists supplied camels and guides -invention of North Arabian camel saddles allowed them to begin to control middle eastern trade	6
11291859076	Effects of this caravan trade	met cultures and lifestyles of sansanid and Byzantine	7
11291862634	Semetic polytheism	Worship of natural forces and celestial bodies	8
11291869016	Mecca	Quarysh settled in 5 century -controlled trade -center of Islamic religion	9
11291941144	Ka'ba	a cubical shrine with idols inside	10
11291944282	Muhammad	the founder of Islam -the angel Gabriel spoke to him and said there is one god -he shared this slowly and then it became Islam	11
11291960550	Khadija	Muhammad's wife	12
11291982796	Muslim	A follower of Islam	13
11291982797	Islam	Submission to the will of Allah	14
11291986878	Medina	City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca.	15
11291990502	Hijira	Beginning of the Islamic calendar in 622 C.E.; Marked the flight from Mecca	16
11291993387	Umma	The community of all Muslims	17
11291995731	Abu Bakr	first caliph after death of Muhammad	18
11291997926	Kalifa (Caliph)	Successor the the prophet Muhammad and ruler of the Islamic Empire	19
11292001904	5 Pillars of Islam	Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, Pilgrimage	20
11292008164	Qur'an	The holy book of Islam	21
11292011194	Ali	the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites	22
11292013857	Shi'ites	Muslims that believe that only direct descendants of Muhammad should become caliph	23
11292013873	Umayyad Caliphate	Family of caliphs who ruled the Islamic world from 661 to 750 C.E.	24
11292017831	Sunnis	Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that the community should select its own leadership. The majority religion in most Islamic countries.	25
11292023675	Umar	second caliph, lead Arabian conquests	26
11292026303	Islamic Conquests	636-732; Muslims conquered the Arabian Peninsula, established the Islamic Empire; Expanded into North Africa, Spain, & Middle East	27
11292028601	Abbasid Caliphate	Descendants of Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas -overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad (founded 762) from 750 to 1258.	28
11292034120	"Golden Age"	Abbasid dynasty became a cosmopolitan center	29
11292038268	Abbasid decline	Revolts thoughout the Empire began, the economy was hurt by this and other factors	30
11292047508	Mamluks	tukish military slaves that became military to Abbasid	31
11292115229	Buyid Family	influence from Northern Iran	32
11292115230	Samanids	ONe of Iranian families with independance, established as a court in 875	33
11292125342	Sijulmasa and Tahert	city-states developed after Beber revolts +wealthy cities that influenced trade and trans-saharam routes	34
11292154293	Ghana	First known kingdom in sub-Saharam W africa -A modern W african nation	35
11292160734	Fatamid Dynasty	Egypt/North Africa. Descendants of Fatima, Muhammads daughter -conquered egypt	36
11292174812	Al-Adulas	Powerful city in Islamic Empire	37
11292177197	Ulama	Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies.	38
11292183682	Sultan	Arabic title "power"	39
11292186882	Seljuk Turks	established turkish-Muslim state	40
11292195288	Saracens	name of the muslim enemy, given by crusaders	41
11292200434	Salah-al-din	a Muslim leader who recaptured Jerusalem in 1187, leading to the Third Crusade	42
11292202919	Shari'a	law of Islam	43
11292206090	Hadith	relating words or deeds of teh Prophet Muhammad -became basis of most of Islamic Law	44
11292216444	Conversion-Related Migration	Conversion was based on learning through exposure, so many had to go to Islamic communities to learn about the Religion	45
11292223818	Science and Tech in the Muslim World	Science was allowed to fluorish as it wasn't seen as contradicting their faith,	46
11292244268	Women under Islamic Law	Not equal, but better off that Christian and Jewish counterparts -little travel, stayed inside -didn't leave without covering -public roles bared -only slave women could perform in front of unrelated men -could go on pilgrimages	47
11292264363	A'isha	a beloved wife of Muhammad who is known for transmitting many hadith	48
11292267015	People of the Book	what Muslims called Christians and Jews which means that they too only believe in one god	49
11292270507	Madrasa	a religious college that gained sudden popularity in Iran	50
11292274014	Sufism	Islamic mysticism	51