Sui, Tang, Song Dynasties: AP World History Flashcards

7913619993	The Sui Dynasty: Time Period	581-618	0
7913630796	Yang Jian	* founded Sui Dynasty * oversaw reunification of China * from a Chinese family that had intermarried with non-Chinese elite - indication of cultural exchange * strengthened central control of government - more effective government, able to rule more efficiently * written exams for selection of officials - merit test: reassurance that government officials knew what they were doing - better 'filter' on who was able to become a leader; better qualified for jobs - exam prep dominated lives of educated men	1
7913762576	Grand Canal	* Sui Dynasty * connected Yangzi and Yellow River regions - facilitated trade of tax grain from Yangzi to political/military power in China * Yangzi Valley - rice growing, South China - strengthened China's internal cohesion - facilitated maritime trade	2
7913858089	The Tang Dynasty: Time Period	618-907	3
7913885617	The Tang Dynasty	* Chang'an - cultural center of East Asia - more efficient population; made up of merchants, pilgrims, missionaries, and students - helped Chinese to be more open to learning from the outside world; more cosmopolitan lifestyle * divided administration into departments - specialized jobs/tasks - done more efficiently than having several jobs * built on Sui precedent of written exams * Confucianism * two females in power - inclusion of women in politics, higher trust and confidence in government - combination of religion and politics IOT gain support for the women/Buddhist sutra (predicted imminent reincarnation)	4
7913944862	Gaozu (618-626, Li Yuan) and Taizong (626-649)	* first two Tang rulers * expanded territory - Turkish territories	5
7914200535	Tang Culture	* cities were laid out in rectangular grids * 100 walled blocks inside their walls - road system allowed citizens to easily obtain what they needed without extravagant transportation ~ knowledge of outside world was easily obtained through cosmopolitan cities ~ presence of students, merchants, and envoys < foreign merchants = introduction of new religions, hair/clothing fashions, games, entertainment * great age of poetry - may have used poetry to communicate	6
7914421618	Buddhism: Tang/Chinese Daily Life	* Buddhist festivals/stories of origin become some of the most popular holidays * monasteries * Buddhist schools for children * Received money from merchants for safekeeping; turned into banks - combined economics/religion - economic morality	7
7914531877	Pure Land	a school of Buddhism; taught that calling on Buddha Amitabha, rebirth could be achieved in Amitabha's Pure Land paradise	8
7914551410	Chan school	A school of buddhism (Japan-Zen) that rejected authority of sutras; claimed superiority of mind-to mind transmission of Buddhist truths	9
7914605671	The Song Dynasty	* Taizu - founder (960-976) - general whose troops elevated him to emperor - worked to make sure that such an act couldn't happen in future by placing armies under central gov't control * civil bureaucrats came to dominate every aspect of DOng gov't/society * Civil Service Exam System - provided dynasty with constant flow of Confucianist Men curbing generals' power ended warlordism made a peace treaty with Liao * traded with Khitans to keep them from invading * had to produce weapons in large quantities - military advantage; economic stimulation * controlled only about 2/3 of former Song territories	10
7914731359	Scholar Officials, Neo-Confucianism	* scholar-official class - educated elite class (scholars, officials); Officials; passed exam, Scholars; studied for exam, repeatedly failed * exam system eliminated ancestry, and other unimportant qualities; established more efficient leaders, as they were only considered officials upon their passing of the exam * merit test: had to master literary topics, politics, etc.	11
7914782003	Invention of Printing	* better communication * better educated elites * more efficient communication: able to spread one message among many people without any confusion * many literary texts (poetry, religious, encyclopedias, etc.)	12
7914821099	Life of Educated Man	collected antiques, poetry, etc. some cultural interests overshadowed politics, philosophy, and economic concerns * engaged in the arts * able to hold high court offices while also pursuing diverse intellectual interests * adopted Confucianism	13
7914854217	Ouyang Xiu	* wrote love songs * histories * analytical catalogue of stone/bronze inscriptions	14
7914870760	Sima Guang	* Chancellor * narrative history of China from WSP	15
7914876086	Su Shi	* over 2700 poems * opposition politics	16
7914887787	Su Song	* mechanical clock * time concepts	17
7914950249	Neo-Confucianism	revival of Confucian thinking that began in 11th century, characterized by goal of attaining wisdom of sages, not exam success * Zhu Xi (1130-1200) * wrote many books	18
7914976694	Women in Song Times	* maids, midwives, mistresses who ran errands, pious women who chanted Buddhist sutras, nuns, girls who wanted to learn to read, daughters who made money weaving mats, jealous wives, widows, etc. * families tried to hold them in the house rather than a field to do house work * sometimes involved in arranged marriages * tended to marry between 16-20 * husbands were few years older * written agreements * match families of equal status * elaborately dressed brides * had to please mother in laws * concubine: second wife, subordinate to first * jealousy was common among wives daughter-in-law took over cooking/cleaning role women's status went down	19
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