AP World History Key Concept 2.1 Review Flashcards

7323561853	Legalism	A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments.	0
7323561854	Confucius (Kung Fuzi)	The founder of Confucianism (551-479 BCE); an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history.	1
7323561856	Daoism	A Chinese philosophy that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Loazi.	2
7323561857	Upanishads	Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 BCE.	3
7323561858	Vedas	The earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 BCE.	4
7323561859	Theravada	"The Teaching of the Elders," the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs.	5
7323561860	Buddhism	A religion, originated in India that believes life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment.	6
7323561861	Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)	The Indian prince who turned ascetic (ca. 566-486 BCE) who founded Buddhism.	7
7323561862	Mahayana	"Great vehicle," the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural being and proved to be more popular (Theravada) Buddhism.	8
7323561863	Nirvana	The end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity and great compassion.	9
7323561864	Bhagavad Gita	A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation.	10
7323561865	Zoroastrianism	Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra.	11
7323561866	Zarathustra	A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to sixth or seventh century BCE (but perhaps much older), who founded Zoroastrianism.	12
7323561867	Judaism	The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh/YHWH) with concerns with social justice.	13
7323561868	Isaiah	One of the most important prophets of Judaism, who teachings show the transformation of the religion in favor of compassion and social justice (eighth century BCE).	14
7323561869	Greek Rationalism	A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic though that developed in Classical Greece in the period 600 to 300 BCE; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms.	15
7323561870	Constantine	Roman emperor (r. 306-337 CE) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe.	16
7323561871	Paul of Tarsus (Saint Paul)	Helped to popularize Christianity, (10-65 CE).	17
7323561872	Church of the East	Churches in Syria and Persia that were distinct in theology and practice from the Roman Church.	18
7323561874	Jesus of Nazareth	The prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 BCE-30 CE).	19
7323561875	Theodosius	Roman emperor (r. 379-395 CE) who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman state, banning all polytheistic rituals.	20
7323561876	Animism	The belief that nature itself is imbued with many spirits.	21
7323561877	Dao De Jing	A book of poems written by Laozi in which he attempts to describe the concept of dao, or the "way" of nature; foundational text for Daoism.	22
7323561878	Analects	Text composed by students of Confucius, which recorded conversations about his teachings; eventually became the foundational text for Confucianism.	23
7323561879	filial piety	Literally the "righteousness of the son"; a core belief in Confucianism that one's place in society is a reflection of one's place within a family; based on the concept of the "five relationships."	24
7323561880	Hebrew (Scriptures)	The codification of the ________ scriptures further associated Judaism with monotheism.	25
7323561881	Mesopotamia	The Hebrew scriptures influenced the cultural and legal traditions of what area?	26
7323561882	Conquest of Jewish states by Assyria, Babylonia, and Rome.	What trend influenced the Jewish diasporic communities in the Middle East? Which peoples were involved?	27
7323561883	Vedic, Hinduism	Sanskrit scriptures formed the basis of the __________ religions, which later became known as __________.	28
7323561884	Core beliefs: desire, suffering, and the search for enlightenment. Scriptures: Sutras & other misc. scriptures.	What core beliefs did Buddhism preach? What scriptures were they recorded in?	29
7323561885	The Vedic beliefs and rituals dominant in South Asia.	Buddhism was, in part, a reaction to ____________.	30
7323561886	Asoka / Mauryan Empire / efforts of missionaries and merchants and the establishment of educational institutions.	Emperor _______________ of _____________ supported the spread of Buddhism. Buddhism was also spread through ___________________________.	31
7323561887	Confucianism	The philosophical belief system of ___________ came out of China.	32
7323561888	to promote social harmony by outlining proper rituals and social relationships.	Confucianism's main goal was:	33
7323561889	Balance between humans and nature.	What are the core beliefs of Daoism?	34
7323561890	It influenced medical theories and practices, pottery, metallurgy, and architecture.	What role did Daoism play in the development of Chinese culture?	35
7323561893	Efforts of missionaries and merchants through many parts of Afro-Eurasia / Emporer Constantine	Christianity initially spread through ____________, and later through the support of ____________________.	36
7323561894	Logic, empirical observations, and the nature of political power and hierarchy.	What are the cored ideas of Greco-Roman philosophy/science?	37
7323561896	Shamanism/Animism persisted because of their daily reliance on the natural world.	What belief systems continued alongside the codified, written belief systems? Why did these persist outside of core civilizations?	38