Chapter 4 AP World History Stearns Flashcards

7477854346	Cyrus the Great	established a major Persian Empire across the northern Middle East and into northwestern India	0
7477854347	Zoroastrianism	chief religion of Persian Empire; animist religion that saw material existence as battle between forces of food and evil; stressed the importance of moral choice; righteous lived on after death in "House of Song"	1
7477854348	Hellenistic Age	that culture associated with the spread of Greek influence as a result of Macedonian conquests; often seen as the combination of Greek culture with eastern political forms	2
7477854349	Peloponnesian War	wars from 431 to 404 BCE between Athens and Sparta for dominance in southern Greece; resulted in Spartan victory but failure to achieve political unification of Greece	3
7477854350	Alexander the Great	successor of Phillip II; successfully conquered Persian Empire prior to his death in 323 BCE; attempted to combine Greek and Persian cultures	4
7477854351	Sophocles	Greek writer of tragedies; author of Oedipus Rex	5
7477854352	Doric, Ionian, Corinthian	types of embellishments for the top of support columns; Along with Doric and Corinthian, distinct style of Hellenistic architecture. Doric is the least ornate, followed by Ionic, and the most ornate being Corinthian	6
7477854353	Iliad and Odyssey	Greek epic poem attributed to Homer but possibly the work of many others; defined gods and human nature that shaped Greek mythos	7
7477854354	Socrates	Athenian philosopher of later 5th century BCE; tutor of Plato; urged rational reflection of moral decisions; condemned to death for corrupting minds of Athenian young	8
7477854355	Plato	Greek philosopher; knowledge based on consideration of ideal forms outside of the material world; proposed ideal form of government based on abstract principles in which philosophers ruled	9
7477854356	Aristotle	Greek philosopher; teacher of Alexander the Great; knowledge based on observation of phenomena in material world	10
7477854357	Cicero	Conservative Roman senator; Stoic philosopher; one of great orators of his day; killed in reaction to assassination of Julius Caesar	11
7477854358	Punic Wars	fight between Rome and Carthage to establish dominance in the Western Mediterranean; won by Rome after three separate conflicts	12
7477854359	city-state	A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban - based king	13
7477854360	Persian Wars	Conflict between Greece and Persia from 500-449 BCE. Consisted of two Persian invasions, in which Greece was victorious. Greek culture, particularly Athenian, peaked directly afterwards and expanded	14
7477854361	Phillip II	ruled Macedon from 359 to 336 BCE; founder of centralized kingdom; later conquered rest of Greece, which was subjected to Macedonian authority	15
7477854362	Julius Caesar	Roman General responsible for conquest of Gaul; brought army back to Rome and over through republic; assassinated in 44 BCE by conservative senators	16
7477854363	Augustus	name given to Octavian following his defeat of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra; first Emperor of Rome	17
7477854364	Constantine	Roman emperor from 312 to 337 CE; established second capital and Constantinople; attempted to use religious force of Christianity to unify empire spirituality	18
7477854365	Twelve Tables	Early Roman Republic first code of law (450 BCE). Intended to restrain upper class from arbitrary action and subject them, and to ordinary people, to common legal principles	19