ap world history Flashcards

11262680654	Aegean Sea	An arm of the Mediterranean Sea between Greece and Turkey. Byzantine Empire controlled the part and helped promote its maritime significance. Fishing markets also opened here.	0
11262704220	Byzantine Empire	(330-1453) The eastern half of the Roman Empire known for its religious tensions and conquests after the fall of Rome	1
11262712931	Justinian	a Byzantine emperor that reigned during the 6th century contributed to politics in Byzantine with the Justinian Code as well as contribute to the construction of the Hagia Sophia. He also led conquests in the Western Roman Empire	2
11262724907	Theodora	the wife of Justinian helped to improve the status of women in the Byzantinian Empire and encouraged her husband to stay in Constntinople and fight the Nike Revolt.	3
11262726759	Constantinople	A large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul as the capital of the Byzantine Empire, it housed many religious buildings and had numerous libraries, public gatherings, and other social areas. it also served as a catalyst of trade with its neighboring countries	4
11262742213	Hagia Sophia	the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople built by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian	5
11262743905	Caesaropapism	A political-religious system in which the secular ruler is also head of the religious establishment, as in the Byzantine Empire. allowed Constantine to rule as the ultimate authority to both civil and military affairs and events. however, the system eventually failed.	6
11262751770	Corpus Iuris Civilis	"Body of Civil Law," Justinian's codification of Roman law was the most significant political contribution to Byzantine Empire's political system and demonstrated Justinian influence.	7
11262767590	Odoacer	Germanic barbarian leader ended the western Roman Empire in 476 after not leaving an heir to the throne and became the first barbarian ruler of Italy (434-493)	8
11262771677	Greek Fire	Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water utilized as a defense mechanism against enemies and were able to seize Anatolia, Greece, and the Balkan Region.	9
11262779693	Theme System	This system divided the Byzantine Empire into different districts that were each led by a general, they were created so that the military could respond quickly to attacks, also peasants who joined the army were given plots of land, thereby increasing the free peasant class. was able to maintain a stable and effective army force in the Byzantine Empire.	10
11262786086	Carolingian Dynasty	a Frankish dynasty founded by Charlemagne's father that ruled from 751 to 987 known for its series of conquests and expansion of Franks to Italy.	11
11262802134	Charlemagne	800 AD crowned by the Pope as the head of the Holy Roman Empire, which extended from northern Spain to western Germany and northern Italy. reestablished centralized imperial rule in a society disrupted by invasian, maintained relations with the Abbasid Empire.	12
11262819733	Magyars	descendants of nomadic peoples who had settled in Hungary who raided settlements in Europe and converted to Christianity and established Hungary	13
11262836823	Vikings	one of a seafaring Norse migrants who originally seeking commercial opportunities or migrants seeking land to settle and cultivate raided and attacked monasteries and settlements in Europe and all across the Mediterranean Sea.	14
11263055437	Louis the Pious	Charlemagne's only surviving son lost control of local authorities, disputed inheritance between his three sons led to the decline of the empire.	15
11263061829	Patriarchs	powerful officials that practiced Caesaropapism emperor Constantine appointed these people to deliver sermons that included imperial policy and encouraged obedience towards Caesaropapism	16
11263072541	Iconoclasm	Opposing or even destroying images, especially those set up for religious veneration in the belief that such images represent idol worship. sparked riots and protests because of its idea of breaking icons. shows the popularity of icons among the laity.	17
11263080439	Pope Gregory the Great	the ultimate authority in the Roman Church during 590-604 C.E. Organized defense of Rome against Lombard's' menace. Reasserted papal primacy over other bishops. Strongly emphasized the sacrament of penance--confession and atonement	18
11263091062	Papacy	The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head. after the Western Roman Empire fell, these people survived and laid the foundation of the evolution of christian societies in the Byzantine Empire.	19
11263096955	Monasticism	A way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith many were determined to follow the way of life as an example of self discipline and established the earliest communities of this practice	20
11263107974	St. Basil	a Monk who founded one of the earliest monasteries in the East reformed discipline and integrated a sense of purpose by showing those not to be infatuated by personal possessions and to live a communal life	21
11263113399	St. Benedict	Father of Western Monasticism debilitated asceticism and helped those to practice this.	22
11263117444	Ascetism	severe self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons. reformers of Monasticism used this practice to promote more modest lives.	23
11263123214	St. Scholastica	Sister of St. Benedict founder of Benedictine order for women. provided a variety of social services that enabled them to build close relations with local communities.	24
11263132943	Missionaries	a person sent on a religious mission, especially one sent to promote Christianity in a foreign country. Pope Gregory sent these people out to England and Germanic kings hoping to convert them to Christianity to conquer them	25
11263137736	Schism	a formal split within a religious organization; any division or separation of a group or organization into hostile factions eastern and western churches had this form of tension because of the profound historical consequences that integrated religious differences.	26
11263144139	Holy Roman Empire	A medieval and early modern central European Germanic empire, which often consisted of hundreds of separate Germanic and Northern Italian states. In reality it was so decentralized that it played a role in perpetuating the fragmentation of central Europe.	27
11263148503	Investiture Contest	A struggle between the Holy Roman Emperor and the Pope over who nominates clergymen. weakened the empire amongst the papacy and the people.	28
11263150009	Capetian	When the last Carolingian king died in 987, an assembly of nobles chose Hugh Capet as king. Capet and his descendants began this dynasty\ added resources and expanded this influence and eventually centralizing power authority in France	29
11263155317	Fredrick Barbarossa	a Holy Roman Emperor known as the red beard attempts to take over the Germanic city states of Italy that resulted the Battle of Legnano	30
11263163099	William the Conqueror	the duke of Norman England Invaded England from Normandy in 1066; extended tight feudal system to England established administrative system based on sheriffs; established centralized monarchy.	31
11263167266	Hanseatic League	An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century. promoted business and dominated trade in Northern Europe as currency increased	32
11263173168	Pope Urban	Leader of the Roman Catholic Church asked European Christians to take up arms against Muslims, started the Crusades	33
11263174997	Chivalry	an informal but widely recognized code of ethics for nobles Christianity wars promoted this through this. military ranking and respected was also affected through this	34
11263181462	Eleanor of Aquitaine	powerful French duchess; divorced the king of France to marry Henry II of England and ruled all of England and about half of France with him one of the most powerful women at this time. wrote chivalry through romantic poetry and songs to promote manner of nobility	35
11263186170	Dominicans	Members of these religious orders, friars lived and preached among the people instead of secluding themselves in monastries as members of most other religious orders did. Church ordered to seek out heretics and eliminate hersey. founded by Saint Dominic.	36
11263190502	Francisicans	founded by Saint Francis of Assisi religious order that preached repentance and aided the poor, called for simplicity	37
11263192556	Reconquista	Spainish conquerors through Catholics Beginning in the eleventh century, military campaigns by various Iberian Christian states to recapture territory taken by Muslims. In 1492 the last Muslim ruler was defeated, and Spain and Portugal emerged as united kingdoms.	38
11263196701	Saladin	(1137-1193) Powerful Muslim ruler during Third Crusade defeated Christians at Hattin took Jerusalem	39