AP World History Unit 2 Flashcards

11187730268	The Greeks vs Persia	As the Greeks expanded, they came into contact with Persia. The already conquered Ionian Greek cities revolted and made Darius angry! He attacks Greece and a war begins	0
11187730269	Delian League	An alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians	1
11187730270	Pereclies	A government official who expanded democracy. He allowed all male citizens over 18 to participate in politics and meetings held on a hillside east of the Acropolis	2
11187730271	Magistrates	A large body of males who ran public affairs. They were only in power for a year so this allowed many males to participate in politics	3
11187730272	Strategoi	A board of ten officials known as generals who managed state affairs. These men could be reelected, allowing individuals to play key roles in politics and Greece	4
11187730273	Athenian Democracy	A type of government used in Athens that gave the people the power. Male citizens could vote and hold office while lower classes could also hold some office positions. Women and slaved had little to no rule in the government	5
11187730274	The Great Peloponnesian War	The war between Athens and Sparta. The goal of Athens was to stay hidden behind their protective walls while Sparta's goal was to attack and defeat Athens in open battle. However, Athens was attacked by plague and surrendered after a huge loss at Aegospotami	6
11187730275	Sophists	A group of philosophers who thought that the ways of the universe were beyond the human mind	7
11187730276	Rhetoric	The art of persuasive oratory	8
11187730277	Socratic Method	A question-and-answer approach to teaching, first used by Socrates, that allows pupils to discover things for themselves	9
11187730278	Greek Religion	The Greeks were polytheistic with a pantheon of 12 chief gods who lived on Mount Olympus	10
11187730279	Zeus	King of the gods	11
11187730280	Athena	Goddess of wisdom	12
11187730281	Apollo	God of the sun	13
11187730282	Aphrodite	Goddess of love and beauty	14
11187730283	Poseidon	God of the sea	15
11187730284	Olympic games	Ancient games that occurred every four years to honor Zeus. They were competitions between individuals rather than teams	16
11187730285	Oracle	A sacred shrine dedicated to a god or goddess. Priestesses entered here to receive information from the gods	17
11187730286	Greek Citizens	Only males were citizens. Women, slaves, and foreigners were not	18
11187730287	Economy	Greece was based mainly on agriculture and trade. They grew grapes and olives but imported the majority of their grain	19
11187730288	Nuclear family	Mother, father and children living as a unit. Their mail social function was to produce new citizens	20
11187730289	Greece and Macedonia	Macedonia was a group of barbaric tribes who were united into a kingdom by Philip II. When Athens challenged Macedonia, Athens was crushed at the battle of Chaeronea. Philip now had control of the Greek peninsula	21
11187730290	Philip II	King of Macedonia who united the tribes and defeated Greece. He had a dream of using the Greek city states to help him fight a war against Persia but he was assassinated before he could carry out his plan	22
11187730291	Alexander the Great	The son of Philip who became king a age twenty and studied under Aristotle. He was determined to continue in his fathers footsteps and take Persia. He died at age 32 because of wounds, fever, and alcohol	23
11187730292	Alexander's conquests	He conquered Persia, Egypt, and the border of the Indus valley	24
11187730293	Reasons Alexander was great	He had incredible military ability, conquered lots of land, created a new empire, and started the Hellenistic era	25
11187730294	Reasons Alexander wasn't great	He killed his friends and native people, was selfish, and weakened the kingdom	26
11187730295	Parmenio	Older General of Alexander, father of Philotas, a cavalry commander. He was killed after he was seen as a threat	27
11187730296	Philotas	The eldest son of Parmenio, one of Alexander the Great's most experienced and talented generals. He rose to command the Companion Cavalry, but was accused of conspiring against Alexander and executed	28
11187730297	Siddhartha Gautama	Founder of Buddhism. He was born into a ruling Hindu family. After being exposed to suffering, he set out on a mission to find the cause for suffering and end it	29
11187730298	Nirvana	A transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the subject is released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth. It represents the final goal of Buddhism	30
11187730299	Bodhi	The knowledge that overcoming worldly cares leads to overcoming sorrow and pain	31
11187730300	The 4 truths of Buddhism	1. Life is suffering 2. Suffering is caused by desire 3. To end suffering is to end desire 4. Avoid any extreme ways to do this These truths are written in The Noble 8-Fold Path	32
11187730301	Middle Path	The path that all Buddhists want to follow. It involves not too much pleasure, and not too much suffering.	33
11187730302	Stupas	Stone towers that house the Buddha's relics	34
11187730303	Janism	A religion focused on extreme simplicity	35
11187730304	Ashoka	An Indian ruler who practiced Buddhism. This religion helped him change his ways from war to peace	36
11187730305	Capitals	Luoyang and Xian	37
11187730306	Mandate of Heaven	The idea that heaven controlled order through the Zhou king. If this order was not kept, the king could be over thrown	38
11187730307	Philosophy	The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline	39
11187730308	Shang Di	The sole god of the Shang dynasty	40
11187730309	Yin and Yang	Two forces in the universe, according to Chinese Theory: Yin is the passive, negative force, and Yang the active, positive force. It symbolizes balance and how bad times will be followed by good times	41
11187730310	Yi Jing	Book of Changes	42
11187730311	Confucianism	Based off the ideas of Confucius, this is the idea that a government ruled by any superior male would save China	43
11187730312	Dao	The way. This is very similar Dharma	44
11187730313	Mencius	He believed that people are good but taught by example	45
11187730314	Legalism	The belief that all people are bad and will only change through strict laws and punishments	46
11187730315	Daoism	The belief that the secret to life it to go with the flow	47
11187730316	The Period of the Warring States	China was divided into powerful states that fought each other all the time. Iron weapons, siege warfare, and cavalry were introduced during this time	48
11187730317	Quin State	The state that played a major role in the conflicts of the Warring States. It eventually was able to conquer the other states and create the first Chinese empire	49
11187730318	Qin Shi Huangdi	The first emperor of the Qin Dynasty who ruled with an iron fist due to his belief in Legalism	50
11187730319	Government of the Qin	There was a central bureaucracy with three ministries: a civil authority, a military authority, and a censorate	51
11187730320	Qin capital	Xianyang	52
11187730321	Xiongnu	A confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China. Chinese rulers tried a variety of defenses and stratagems to ward off these 'barbarians,' as they called them, and eventually dispersed them	53
11187730322	Eunuchs	Castrated male servants	54
11187730323	Oriental Despotism	A form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power, like Qin Shi Huangdi. (I'm not really sure??)	55
11187730324	Hydraulic Societies	A social or government structure which maintains power and control through exclusive control over access to water	56
11187730325	Amerindians	The first people to live in the Americas	57
11187730326	Olmec	A civilization near modern day Veracruz. They were engaged in intensive agriculture, used stone in many of their buildings and art, traded, and had one of the first writing systems in Mesoamerica	58
11187730327	Rubber	The Olmecs learned to mix the latex with other ingredients to create this. It was one other civilizations main exports and they used it to make the ball for their ceremonial games	59
11187730328	Zapotecs	A civilization in Central Mexico that practiced theocracy, built temples, and had a written language. This civilization was abandoned	60
11187730329	Teotihuacan	Americas first metropolis. This is the location of the pyramid of the sun. They traded, mined obsidian, and relied on agriculture	61
11187730330	Chinampas	Swampy islands crisscrossed by canals that provided water for the crops	62
11187730331	Maya civilization	A civilization in Guatemala and the Yucatan Peninsula. It was made up of city states that relied on swamp agriculture	63
11187730332	Chocolate and the Maya	The Maya used this to make rich beverages, as currency, to make beer, and to make mole, which is still used today	64
11187730333	Mayan religion	The Maya were polytheistic and believed that Itzamna was the supreme god. They built pyramids, temples, shrines, and sacred ball courts	65
11187730334	Zero	The number invented by the Maya	66
11187730335	What happened to the Maya?	No one knows! It could be from over farming, warfare, or a natural disaster	67
11187730336	Romulus and Remus	Founders of Rome	68
11187730337	Etruscans	Northerners from Etruria who were great builders	69
11187730338	The Roman Conquest of Italy	Rome had many enemies and was at war for 100 years. However, this allowed them to gain lots of land and expand their republic	70
11187730339	Consuls	Two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year of the Roman Republic to supervise the government and command the armies	71
11187730340	Praetors	Government officials who interpret the law and serve as judges	72
11187730341	Senate	A group of 300 men elected to govern Rome in the Roman Republic	73
11187730342	Centuriate Assembly	A roman assembly arranged by classes based on wealth to give the rich the most power. They elected chief magistrates and passed laws	74
11187730343	Council of Plebs	A popular assembly for Plebeians	75
11187730344	Plebeians	The common people of ancient Rome	76
11187730345	Patricians	The wealthy, hereditary aristocrats during the Roman era	77
11187730346	Tribunes of the Plebs	Pleb officials who protected their society from the rich	78
11187730347	The Punic Wars	Rome vs. Carthage #1. Rome gains Sicily #2. Hannibal is angry and attacks Rome. He retreats when Rome attacks Carthage. Rome gains Spain #3. Rome wants revenge and attacks Carthage!	79
11187730348	Pyrrhic victory	A loss that later results in a major victory (like the Alamo)	80
11187730349	Latifundia	Huge estates bought up by newly wealthy Roman citizens	81
11187730350	Tiberius and Gaius	The men who passed land reform laws to help the poor farmers and gain new men for the army	82
11187730351	Marius	The man who offered land to any landless male willing to join the army	83
11187730352	Dictator	The sole ruler	84
11187730353	The triumvirate of the Roman Republic	Crassus, Pompey, and Caeser	85
11187730354	Octavian	Part of the second triumvirate whom the power eventually shifted to. Assumed the name Augustus Caesar, and became emperor. Was the end of the Roman Republic and the start of the Pax Romana	86