AP World History Chapter 9 Vocab Flashcards

11546260302	Quran	the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina	0
11546260303	Umma	The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community.	1
11546262688	Pillars of Islam	The five core practices required of Muslims: a profession of faith, regular prayer, charitable giving, fasting during Ramadan, and a pilgrimage to Mecca (if financially and physically possible).	2
11546265676	Hijra	The Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam	3
11546268722	Sharia	Body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life	4
11546272285	Jizya	The tax on people in the Umayyad Caliphate who did not convert to Islam.	5
11546274684	Umayyad Caliphate	(661-750 CE) The Islamic caliphate that established a capital at Damascus, conquered North Africa, the Iberian Pennisula, Southwest Asia, and Persia, and had a bureaucracy with only Arab Muslims able to be a part of it.	6
11546277107	Abbasid Caliphate	(750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering. Had a bureaucracy that any Mulim could be a part of.	7
11546279906	Ulama	Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies. (p. 238)	8
11546285854	Sufism	An Islamic mystical tradition that desired a personal union with God--divine love through intuition rather than through rational deduction and study of the shari'a. Followed an ascetic routine (denial of physical desire to gain a spiritual goal), dedicating themselves to fasting, prayer, meditation on the Qur'an, and the avoidance of sin.	9
11546288903	Mullah Nasruddin	An imaginary folk character within the world of Islam known for a skeptical attitude toward the rational mind.	10
11546295065	Al-Ghazali	Great Muslim theologian, legal scholar, and Sufi mystic (1058-1111) who was credited with incorporating Sufism into mainstream Islamic thought.	11
11546299476	Sikhism	the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam	12
11546302920	Ibn Battuta	(1304-1369) Morrocan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. His writings gave a glimpse into the world of that time period.	13
11546306666	Timbuktu	City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning.	14
11546309579	Al-Andalus	A Muslim-ruled region in what is now Spain, established by the Berbers in the eighth century A.D.	15
11546312274	Mansa Musa	Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East.	16
11546316659	Madrassas	Formal colleges for higher institutions in the teaching of Islam as well as in secular subjects founded throughout the Islamic world in beginning in the 11th century	17
11546320525	House of Wisdom	An academic center for research and translation of foreign texts that was established in Baghdad in 830 C.E. by the Abbasid caliph al-Mamun.	18
11546323350	Ibn Sina	The famous Islamic scientist and philosopher who organized the medical knowledge of the Greeks and Arabs into the Canon of Medicine	19