AP World History Period 1 Flashcards

11236636372	Agriculture	The practice of raising crops or livestock on a continual and controlled basis.	0
11236636373	Artisan	A skilled craftsperson.	1
11236636374	Domestication	The taming of animals and plants for human use, such as for labor or food.	2
11236636375	Eurasia	The large landmass that includes both Europe and Asia.	3
11236636376	Animism	The belief that animals, Rivers, and other elements of nature embody spirits.	4
11236636377	Hunter-foragers	People who survived by hunting animals and foraging for seeds, nuts, fruits, and edible roots.	5
11236636378	Irrigation	A way of supplying water to an area of land, the people would use water from the rivers to irrigate their crops.	6
11236636379	Metallurgy	The science of the study of metals.	7
11236636380	Migration	A movement from one country or region to another.	8
11236636381	Monotheism	The belief in one God.	9
11236636382	Paleolithic Period	Old Stone Age, where humanos used stone tools and weapons.	10
11236636383	Specialization of labor	The division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work.	11
11236636384	Surplus	Having more resources than needed for themselves.	12
11236636385	Textile	Items made of cloth, would be weaved by women and then decorated, usually all at home.	13
11236636386	Urbanization	An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.	14
11236636387	Overgrazing	The continual eating of grasses or their roots, without allowing them to regrow.	15
11236636388	Overfarming	Land loosing its fertility unless it is left fallow or it was fertilized usually by spreading of animal manure.	16
11236636389	Artifacts	Objects made and used by early humans, usually dug up by archaeologists.	17
11236636391	Neolithic Revolution	The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle.	18
11236636392	Bronze Age	The period in ancient human culture when people began to make and use bronze.	19
11236636393	Civilization	The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.	20
11236636396	Nomadic Pastoralism	People moving herds of animals from pasture to pasture.	21
11236636397	Kinship Group	Several related families that moved together in search of food.	22
11236636398	Clan	Group of families with a common ancestor.	23
11236636399	Tribe	A group of people who share a common ancestry, language, name, and way of living.	24
11236636400	Patriarchal	Relating to a society in which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority.	25
11236636401	Merchants	People who buy and sell goods also known as traders.	26
11236636402	Social Stratification	The division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy. Some people accumulated wealth in the form of jewelry and others coveted items by building larger and better decorated houses.	27
11236636403	Priests and Priestesses	People who performed religious ceremonies.	28
11236636404	Tigris and Euphrates Rivers	Flow south from modern day Turkey through what is now Iraq to empty into the Persian Gulf.	29
11236636405	Mesopotamia	Land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers where many ancient civilizations arose from.	30
11236636406	Fertile Crescent	An arc of fertile land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf .	31
11236636407	Sumerians	Group of nomadic pastoralists that migrated into Mesopotamia and created a civilization of Sumer that provided the core and the foundation of several other civilizations.	32
11236636408	Ziggurats	Temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped.	33
11236636409	Desertification	The spread of desert like conditions.	34
11236636410	Indus River Valley	Developed near water and became the core and foundation of later civilizations in the region.	35
11236636411	Environmental Degradation	Caused the gradual decline and eventual disappearance of the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro civilizations by soil eroding.	36
11236636412	Deforestation	The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.	37
11236636414	Mesoamerica	An area of ancient civilization in what is now Central America.	38
11236636415	Glyphs	The first writing system in the Americas that used pictures and symbols of real ojects.	39
11236636416	Barter	Trading system in which people exchange goods directly without using money.	40
11236636417	Polytheistic	Belief in many gods.	41
11236636419	Astronomy	The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space.	42
11236636420	Astrology	Theory of the influence of planets and stars on human events.	43
11236636421	Abraham	Founder of Judaism.	44
11236636422	Moses	Led the Exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt; received the 10 commandments.	45
11236636423	Ten Commandments	Laws given by God to Moses that tell Jews how to behave in their daily lives.	46
11236636424	Jewish Diaspora	The scattering of the Jewish people outside their homeland beginning about 586 B.C.E.	47
11236636425	The Huang He and The Chiang Jiang	Where Chinas first civilizations developed.	48
11236636426	Mummification	Involved removing the body's internal organs, drying the body with salts, and packing its insides and wrapping it with chemically treated cloth.	49
11236636427	Hieroglyphics	Egyptian writing that involved using pictures to represent words.	50
11236636428	Papyrus	A type of plant that grew along the Nile River, used its fibers to create a type of paper.	51
11236636429	Vedas	A collection of Aryan religious hymns, poems, and songs.	52
11236636430	Vedic Age	Aryans growing awareness of Dravidian beliefs.	53
11236636431	Brahma	Overarching, universal soul that connects all creatures on Earth.	54
11236636432	Dharma	In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties.	55
11236636433	Karma	The effects that good or bad actions have on a person's soul.	56
11236636434	Moksha	The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths.	57
11236636435	Ancestor Veneration	The believe of making offerings to their ancestors in hope to win their favor.	58
11236636436	Golden Age	A period in which a society or culture is at its peak.	59
11236636437	Mandate of Heaven	A just rulers power was bestowed by the gods.	60
11236636438	Upanishads	A foundational text for the set of religious beliefs that later became known as Hinduism.	61
11236636439	Pictographs	A graphic symbol that represents an idea, concept, or object, rather than representing a single sound, as letter systems do.	62
11236636440	Shamans	People who believed to have special abilities to cure the sick and influence the future.	63
11236636442	City-State	Typically covered several hundred square miles and were independent each with its own government.	64
11236636443	Kings	Sumerian military leaders became more important than priests and ruled over a territory known as a kingdom.	65
11236636444	Cuneiform	Sumerians created it to keep records which consisted of marks carved onto wet clay tablets.	66
11236636445	Scribes	Individuals who were charged first with record-keeping and later with the writing of history and myths.	67
11236636446	The Epic of Gilgamesh	An epic poem from Mesopotamia, is among the earliest surviving works of literature.	68
11236636447	Empire	Large territory that included diverse cultural groups.	69
11236636448	Babylonians	Persians who took control of Mesopotamia and built a new capital city called Babylon.	70
11236636449	Hammurabi	Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BC), and created a set of laws called the Code of Hammurabi.	71
11236636450	Code of Hammurabi	Law code introduced when Hammurabi of Babylon took over Sumer in 1760 BC, that dealt with topics such as property rights, wages, contracts, marriage, and various crimes.	72
11236636451	Phoenicians	Most powerful traders along the Mediterranean, that occupied parts of present day Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan around 3000 B.C.E.	73
11236636452	Carthage	A Phoenician colony on the coast of North Africa, that became a significant outpost in the region.	74
11236636453	Alphabetic script	A system of symbols (letters) that represent the sounds of speech, as an alternative to cuneiform around 1000 B.C.E.	75
11236636454	Sahara and Kalahari Deserts	Two desert zones one in Northern Africa and the other in Southern Africa.	76
11236636455	Nile River	The river in which early kingdoms in Egypt were centered around.	77
11236636456	King Menes	United Upper and Lower Egypt into a single kingdom and created the first royal dynasty.	78
11236636457	Old Kingdom	A period in Egyptian history that lasted from about 2700 BC to 2200 BC.	79
11236636458	Middle Kingdom	A period of order and stability that lasted until about 1750 BC.	80
11236636459	New Kingdom	The period during which Egypt reached the height of its power and glory.	81
11236636460	Pharaoh	A king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader.	82
11236636461	Theocrats	Rulers holding both religious and political power.	83
11236636463	Akhenaton	The pharaoh that tried to change Egypts religion and called for the worship of a sun god called Aten.	84
11236636464	Ramses the Great	Took the throne around 1290 B.C.E. who expanded the empire into Southwest Asia and built more temples and erected more statues than any other pharaoh.	85
11236636465	Hittites	Had military advantage over the Egyptians because they were beginning to use iron tools and weapons.	86
11236636466	Book of the Dead	Scrolls that served as a guide for the afterlife in ancient Egypt.	87
11236636467	Dravidians	Indigenous peoples of the Indian subcontinent.	88
11236636468	Xia Dynasty	Lasted for about 400 years, little is known because early Chinese had no writing system.	89
11236636469	Shang Dynasty	Ruled for 600 years, conquered neighboring peoples and established an empire, wielded tremendous economic and religious power.	90
11236636470	Zhou Dynasty	The longest lasting Chinese dynasty, during which the use of iron was introduced.	91
11236636471	Feudalism	The network of regional rulers with relationships based on mutual defense agreements.	92
11236636472	Maize	One of the first important plants to be grown by the indigenous Americans.	93
11236636473	Chavin Civilization	Existed from around 1000 to 200 B.C.E, and centered at Chavin de Huantar.	94
11236636474	Olmec	The foundation or core of Mesoamerica advanced civilizations.	95
11236636475	Aboriginals	People in Australia who remained hunter-foragers.	96