chapter 3 voyages textbook: AP world history Flashcards

8509605557	Ashoka	(r.268-232 B.C.E.) The third king of the Mauryan dynasty (ca. 320-185 B.C.E.), the first ruler to support Buddhism.	0
8510022484	Dharma	A Sanskrit term meaning correct conduct according to law or custom;Buddhists including Ashoka, used this concept to refer to the teachings of the Buddha.	1
8510028355	Monsoon	A term referring both to seasonal winds in South Asia blowing northeast in spring and early summer and southwest in fall and winter, and to the heavy seasonal rains they bring.	2
8510030711	Indus River Valley	Site of the earliest complex society on the Indian subcontinent (2600-1700 B.C.E.) characterized by brick cities, drainage systems, open plazas, and broad avenues.	3
8510034493	Sanskrit	A language, such as Latin, Greek, and English, belonging ti the Indo-European language family and spoken by Indo-Aryan migrants to north India around 1500-1000 B.C.E.	4
8510038175	Rig Veda	A collection of 1,028 Sanskrit hymns, composed around 1500-1000 B.C.E. but written down around 1000 C.E. One of the most revealing sources about Indo-Europeans who settled in north India.	5
8510044549	Vedic Religion	Religious belief system of Indo-European migrants to north India; involved animal sacrifice and elaborate ceremonies to ensure that all transitions in the natural world-day to night, or one season to the next-proceeded smoothly.	6
8510049504	Nomads	A term for the people who migrate seasonally from place to place to find grass for their animals. they do not usually farm but tend their herds full-time.	7
8510052172	Varna	From the Sanskrit word for "color": the four major social groups of ancient Indian society, ranked in order of purity (not wealth or power): Brahmin priests at the top, then warriors, then farmers and merchants, and finally dependent laborers.	8
8510056141	Jati	A term, sometimes translated as "sub-caste" for groups of five thousand people in modern day India. Many, but not all, Indians marry someone from the same Jati and share meals on equal footing only with people of the same Jati.	9
8510059969	Karma	The sum of one's deeds in this and all earlier existences that determines one's rebirth in the next life.	10
8510063494	Jainism	An Indian religion founded around the same time as Buddhism that emphasizes right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct: a key tenet is not to harm any living beings.	11
8510065776	Buddha	The founder of the Buddhist religion, Siddhartha Gautama (ca. 600-400 B.C.E.) also called the Buddha or the enlightened one.	12
8510067814	Nirvana	A Sanskrit word that literally means "extinction," as when the flame on a candle goes out. In Buddhism the term took on a broader meaning: those who followed the eightfold path and understood the Four Noble Truths would gain true understanding.	13
8510071565	Mauryan Dynasty	(ca.320-185 B.C.E.) A dynasty that unified much of the Indian subcontinent. Relying on trunk roads, it exercised more control in the cities that in the countryside.	14
8511872252	Chakravartin	Literally "turner of the wheel", a Buddhist term for the ideal ruler who patronized Buddhism but never became a monk.	15
8511876993	Ceremonial state	State whose ruler sponsored religious observances and construction of religious edifices in the hope that his subjects would willingly acknowledge him as a ruler. Usually contrasted with rulers who depended on sheer force to govern.	16
8511896767	Lay Buddhist	A Buddhist devotee who observes the five precepts not to kill, steal, commit adultery, lie, or drink alcohol, but continues to live at home and does not join the Buddhist order.	17
8511905507	Dhows	Small sailboats used in the Indian ocean.	18