AP World History Chapter 14 Vocab Flashcards

9119876445	Abbasid	This group overthrew the Umayyads and established a new dynasty of Muslim rulers.	0
9119876446	Al-Andalus	A Muslim-ruled region in what is now Spain, established by the Berbers (from North Africa) in the eighth century A.D.	1
9119876447	Bedouins	Arab nomads. They were organized into tribes and groups called clans. These clans provided security and support for a life made difficult by the extreme conditions of the desert. Their settlement is from where the Muslim Empire sprang. This was around the 600s AD and at the Arabian Peninsula.	2
9119876448	Caliph	A title used for the highest ruler in the Islamic community	3
9119876449	Hadith	The compiled work of the life and teachings of Muhammad.	4
9119876450	Jizya	Poll tax that non-Muslims had to pay when living within a Muslim empire	5
9119876451	Ka'Ba	A cube shaped building in the center of the mosque in Mecca. Now it is the site of the hajj.	6
9119876452	Madrasas	Islamic institutions of higher education that originated in the tenth century.	7
9119876453	Qadis	Muslim judges that carried out the judicial functions of the state	8
9119876454	Rubaiyat	Epic poem of Omar Khayyam; seeks to find meaning in life and a path to union with the divine where he expresses his opinions	9
9119876455	Sakk	Muslim bankers offered these letters of credit to merchants in the empire. They were basically like checks.	10
9119876456	Seal of the Prophets	Muhammad's name for himself, signifying that he was the final prophet of Allah, and that he must transfer Allah's message to not only a small group, but mankind.	11
9119876457	Shari'a	Islamic law; a combination of the Quran and the Hadith.	12
9119876458	Shia	The second largest sect within Islam. It originated in the early centuries of Islam perhaps over a political dispute over who would be the next Caliph. This group believed that Muhammad's son-in-law and cousin Ali should be the Caliph. Over time this faction's religious interpretations and practices have also come to differ slightly from most Muslims.	13
9119876459	Sufis	a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life	14
9119876460	Sunni	The largest branch of Islam. After the death of Muhammad, some Muslims rejected Abu Bakr's authority in favor of Muhammad's cousin Ali as the next Caliph.	15
9119876461	Ulama	The theologians and legal experts of Islam. Best known as the arbiters of sharia law.	16
9119876462	Umayyad	Dynasty that ruled Muslim Empire from 661 to 750; capital at Damascus;later established a kingdom in al-Andalas	17
9119876463	Umma	committed to god (believers)	18