Key Concept 1.3 (AP World History) Flashcards

10567113133	civilization	designated large societies with cities and powerful states	0
10567113134	agricultural Surplus	there is more food formed than the civilization can eat, so it is stored	1
10567113135	specialization of Labor	citizens develop skills other than farming because of food surplus	2
10567113137	political bureaucracies	the system of offices and procedures that keep a certain political system running	3
10567113138	religious hierarchies	a ladder of power in the religious world; the shaman, priest is at the top of the ladder	4
10567113139	long-distance trade	trade from different civilizations through pastoralists and the Silk Road	5
10567113140	record keeping	Started when taxes developed. Used to track citizens taxes and news from their civilizations as well as others.	6
10567113142	mobilize	to assemble bring together organized	7
10567113143	Surplus labor	more goods are being produced than can be used, so some people don't have to work	8
10567113144	divine	of or relating to a god or Supreme Being	9
10567113145	legitimacy	your right to rule (living God, chosen by god, earned God's favor)	10
10567113146	empire	A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler and containing many different cultures and/or ethnicities	11
10567113147	dessimation	The act of spreading something, especially information	12
10567113148	composite bows	bows made from compressed horns, wood, and since to increase killing strength/power	13
10567113149	iron weapons	strong metal weapons that can kill faster and easier	14
10567113150	chariots	ancient two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicles	15
10567113151	horseback riding	used to pull chariots, increased traveling abilities	16
10567113152	ziggurats	temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped	17
10567113153	pyramids	tombs for their fallen kings. mummified bodies in tombs preserved the body for afterlife	18
10567113154	temples	Buildings used for the worship of God or gods	19
10567113155	defensive walls	fortification for the city from outsiders. used to protect territory	20
10567113156	streets and roads	used as an ancient trade route. provided easy access to different parts of the city	21
10567113157	sewage and irrigation systems	used to store water, and water fields. important because they were able to have water during dry seasons	22
10567113158	cuneiform	using wedge shaped characters impressed in clay tablets (Mesopotamia, Persia)	23
10567113159	Hieroglyphics	Distinct characters. Pictures drawn to represent different ideas. (Egypt)	24
10567113160	Pictographs	Earliest writing, pictorial symbol for every word/phrase (Egypt, Mesopotamia)	25
10567113161	Alphabets	Started with 22 hieroglyphs that represented parts of an idea/word (letters)	26
10567113162	Quipu	Ancient device for recording information. Consisted of colored threads knotted together. (Incas)	27
10567113163	Oral traditions	Pre-written history - history transferred through words	28
10567113164	Epic literature	written oral traditions	29
10567113165	Epic of Gilgamesh	First epic literature. Consisted of a king that quested for immortality. (Mesopotamia)	30
10567113166	Polytheism	The belief in or worship of more than one god	31
10567113167	Animism	The belief of a supernatural power that organizes and animates the material universe. Spirits live in nature.	32
10567113168	Shamanism	The belief that a "shamen" could contact the gods and tell the people their orders.	33
10567113169	Aryans	People who practiced hinduism and contributed to the spreading of the Hundi vedas. Invaded the Indian Subcontinent and conquered Dravidians	34
10567113170	Vedas	The most ancient Hindu scriptures (writings)	35
10567113171	Brahmins	high priests	36
10567113172	Mahabharata	India's ancient epic	37
10567113173	Karma	what goes around comes around. Hindu belief	38
10567113174	Reincarnation	The act of being born again and again in different forms	39
10567113175	Dharma	Your daily duties decreed by the gods	40
10567113176	Samsara	Spiritual ladder/wheel of reincarnation hierarchy	41
10567113177	Moksha	The end of the cycle of reincarnation	42
10567113178	Torah	First five books of Hebrew Monotheism	43
10567113179	Monotheism	Belief in one god	44
10567113180	Yawweh	Name of god in Hebrew Monotheism	45
10567113181	Abraham/Zoroaster/Zarathustra	God's prophet	46
10567113182	Avestas	holy writings (bible)	47
10567113183	Ahura Mazda	All knowing/ powerful/ loving/ forgiving god	48
10567113184	Mithras	Cosmic guidance to free choice	49
10567113185	Ahriman	Demon god (satan)	50