AP Language Terminology Flashcards

7201816151	Alliteration	repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables	0
7201817019	Allusion	an indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event	1
7201817562	Analogy	an extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things	2
7201819133	Anaphora	repetition of words at the begging of successive clauses	3
7201819555	Anecdote	a short account of an interesting event	4
7201823314	Annotation	explanatory or critical noted added to a text	5
7201823969	Antecedent	the noun to which a later pronoun refers	6
7201825109	Antimetabole	the repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast	7
7201826046	Antithesis	parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas	8
7201828161	Aphorism	a short, astute statement of a general truth	9
7201828788	Appositive	a word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun	10
7201829199	Archaic Diction	the use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language	11
7201830090	Argument	a statement put forth and supported by evidence	12
7201830653	Aristotelian Triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	13
7201832594	Assertion	an emphatic statement; declaration (assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument)	14
7201834786	Assumption	a belief or statement taken for granted without proof	15
7201836028	Asyndeton	leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses	16
7201836693	Attitude	the speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone	17
7201837462	Audience	one's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed	18
7201838636	Authority	a reliable, respected source- someone of knowledge	19
7201839052	Bias	prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue	20
7201839587	Cite	identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source	21
7201840239	Claim	an assertion, usually supported by evidence	22
7201845029	Close Reading	a careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text	23
7201847690	Colloquialism	an informal or conversational use of language	24
7201848040	Common Ground	shared beliefs, values, or positions	25
7201848576	Complex Sentence	a sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	26
7201849298	Concession	a reluctant acknowledgement or yielding	27
7201850445	Connotation	that which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning	28
7201850940	Context	words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning	29
7201852880	Coordination	grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but	30
7201854130	Counterargument	aa challenge to a position; an opposing argument	31
7201855950	Cumulative sentence	an independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail	32
7201862493	Declarative Sentence	a sentence that makes a statement	33
7201863342	Deduction	reasoning from general to specific	34
7201885958	Denotation	the literal meaning of a word, its dictionary definition	35
7201888060	Diction	word choice	36
7201889046	Documentation	bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing	37
7201890481	Elegiac	mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone	38
7201893393	Epigram	a brief witty statement	39
7201894410	Ethos	a Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's 3 rhetorical appeals	40
7201897201	Figurative Language	the use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect	41
7201898499	Figure of Speech	an expression that strive from literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning	42
7201899830	Hyperbole	exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis	43
7201901800	Imagery	vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing)	44
7201902854	Imperative Sentence	a sentence that requests or commands	45
7201904020	Induction	reasoning from specific to general	46
7201905146	Inversion	a sentence in which the verb precedes the subject Ex: a. Fred will stay. b. Will Fred stat?	47
7201911438	Irony	a contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result	48
7201913254	Juxtaposition	placement of two things side by side for emphasis	49
7201919851	Logos	a greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's 3 rhetorical appeals	50
7201922706	Metaphor	comparing two things without using "like or as"	51
7201926649	Metonymy	use of an aspect of something to represent the whole Ex: The pen is mightier than the sword	52
7201931254	Paradox	a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true	53
7201941473	Parallelism	the repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns Ex: In Martin Luther King Jr. speech, he repeated "I Have A Dream" multiple times	54
7201947936	Parody	a piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule	55
7201952578	Pathos	a greek term that refers to suffering but has to come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's 3 rhetorical appeals	56
7201956921	Persona	the speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing Ex: A young actor wants everyone to think he is a "bad boy," so e works-through speech and actions to create a public persona- wearing black clothing, sun glasses at all times, using profanity profanity, dating multiple girls.	57
7201979063	Personification	assuming lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects	58
7201979606	Polemic	an argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion	59
7201982797	Polysyndeton	the deliberate use of a series of conjunctions	60
7201983291	Premise	major premise- All mammals are warm-blooded minor premise- All horses are mammals conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded	61
7201985988	Propaganda	a negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information	62
7201987617	Purpose	one's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing	63
7201992064	Refute	to discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument	64
7201994598	Rhetoric	the study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion."	65
7201996278	Rhetorical Modes	pattern of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation	66
7201998754	Rhetorical Question	a question asked more to produce an effect than to summon answer	67
7202002644	Rhetorical Triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	68
7202019090	Satire	an ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it	69
7202023498	Scheme	a pattern of words of sentence construction used for rhetorical effect	70
7202025004	Sentence Patterns	the arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions-such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex	71
7202029683	Sentence Variety	using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect	72
7202032319	Simile	a comparison of two things using "like or as"	73
7202032706	Simple Sentence	a statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause	74
7202035618	Source	a book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information	75
7202037629	Speaker	a term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing	76
7202039702	Straw Man	a logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking opponent's position	77
7202042422	Style	the distinctive quality of speech of writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech	78
7202043709	Subject	in rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing	79
7202045073	Subordinate Clause	created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause	80
7202051674	Subordination	the dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence	81
7202053316	Syllogism	a form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise	82
7202054864	Syntax	sentence structure	83
7202055551	Synthesize	combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex	84
7202059541	Thesis	the central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer	85
7202060008	Thesis Statement	a statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit	86
7202060617	Tone	the speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience	87
7202061600	Topic Sentence	a sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph' idea and often unites it with the works thesis	88
7202062644	Trope	artiful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech	89
7202067730	Understatement	lack of emphasis in a statement or point, restraint in language often used for ironic effect	90
7202069769	Voice	in grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice)	91
7202072319	Zeugma	a construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs- often in different, sometimes incongruent' ways, two or more words in a sentence	92