AP World History Chapter 5 Flashcards

10912154010	polis	A city-state in ancient Greece	0
10912154011	Acropolis	a walled, high area surrounding a polis	1
10912154012	agora	an open area that served as a meeting place and market in early Greek city-states	2
10912154013	helots	in ancient Greece, state slaves	3
10912154014	Hoplites	foot soldiers in ancient Greece	4
10912154015	Hubris	great pride	5
10912154016	democracy	government by the people	6
10912154017	Solon	Athenian statesman; he introduced the first civil democracy in Greece and created the Boule	7
10912154018	tyrant	a strong man who seized power by force and claimed to rule for the good of the people	8
10912154019	Cleisthenes	Ancient Greek ruler often called the "father of democracy." He increased the size of the council that governed Athens to 500, and he reorganized Athenian tribes on a geographical rather than familial basis.	9
10912154020	Direct Democracy	the type of governing system where all people vote directly on an issue	10
10912154021	archon	a chief of state of ancient Athens	11
10912154022	Phalanx	A military formation composed of rows of soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder carrying pikes or heavy spears	12
10912154023	Pericles	Athenian statesman; he encouraged the spread of democracy in Athens and the growth of the city-state's power	13
10912154024	Socrates	Greek philosopher of Athens; his teaching style was based on asking questions. He wanted people to question their own beliefs. He was arrested and condemned to death for challenging authority.	14
10912154025	Plato	Greek philosopher; a student of Socrates, he started a school in Athens called the Academy. In The Republic he describes an ideal society run by philosopher-kings.	15
10912154026	Aristotle	Greek philosopher and student of Plato; he taught that logic was the tool for any necessary inquiry; his work later became the basis for medieval scholasticism.	16
10912154027	reason	clear or ordered thinking	17
10912154028	logic	the process of making inferences	18
10928682613	Homer	A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey	19
10928682614	lyric poetry	a type of poetry that gained its name from the lyre, an instrument that played while the poetry was sung	20
10928682615	Herodotus	Greek historian; his most famous work is The Histories, which describes major events of the Persian Wars.	21
10928682616	Thucydides	Greek historian of Athens; he wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War. He is regarded as the first critical historian and is often ranked as the greatest historian of antiquity.	22
10928682617	Alexander the Great	King of Macedon and conqueror of much of Asia; he is considered one of the greatest generals of all time	23
10928682618	Hellenistic	the blending of Greek cultures with those of Persia, Egypt, and Central Asia following the conquests of Alexander the Great	24
10928682619	Euclid	Greek geometer; he created practical books on geometric forms and mathematics. His work formed the basis for later European studies in geometry.	25
10928682620	Eratosthenes	Greek astronomer and geographer; he calculated the circumference of the globe using careful observations and simple geometry	26
10928682621	Archidemes	greek mathematician and inventor	27