AP World History Vocab Flashcards

9915119716	Humanism	An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements	0
9915119717	Michelangelo	Painted the Sistine Chapel	1
9915119718	Brunelleschi	The artist and architect credited with discovering linear perspective	2
9915119719	Leonardo da Vinci	Artist who used dissection to draw the human body	3
9915119720	Donatello	Florentine sculptor famous for his lifelike sculptures (1386-1466)	4
9915119721	Johannes Gutenberg	Invented the printing press	5
9915119722	Printing Press	a machine for printing text or pictures from type or plates.	6
9915119723	Machiavelli	Wrote "The Prince", a book that recommended harsh and arbitrary rule for princes	7
9915119724	Erasmus	In Praise of Folly, well-known learned man, counseled kings and popes	8
9915119725	Sir Thomas More	writer in Renaissance; wrote "Utopia", a perfect society	9
9915119726	William Shakespeare	English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)	10
9915119727	Martin Luther	German monk, questioned the Roman Catholic Church, was excommunicated. Wrote the 95 theses	11
9915119728	Calvinism	A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin.	12
9915119729	King Henry VIII	Started the Anglican Church because he wasn't granted a divorce. Was excommunicated by the Pope.	13
9915119730	Church of England	The Anglican church, which unites church and state under the monarchy.	14
9915119731	Protestant Reformation	A split in the church caused by corruption in the church	15
9915119732	Catholic Reformation	Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation; reformed and revived Catholic doctrine.	16
9915119733	Ignatius Loyola	Founded the Society of Jesus, resisted the spread of Protestantism, wrote Spiritual Exercises.	17
9915119734	Jesuits	members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola	18
9915119735	Medici	aristocratic Italian family of powerful merchants and bankers who ruled Florence in the 15th century	19
9915119736	Van Eyck	The Mystic Lamb (using oils)	20
9915119737	Albrecht Durer	German painter who combined Italian and Northern Renaissance art techniques	21
9915119738	Indulgences	pardon sold by catholic church to reduce one's punishment	22
9915119739	Pope Leo X	pope who condemned Luther for heresy and later excommunicated him	23
9915119740	Lutheran	A member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther.	24
9915119741	John Calvin	religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society	25
9915119742	Council of Trent	Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings, forbade the sale of indulgences	26
9915119743	Nicolaus Copernicus	Polish astronomer who proposed a heliocentric model of the universe	27
9915119744	Galileo	Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars	28
9915119745	The Index	a list of banned heretical works	29
9915119746	Tycho Brahe	built an observatory and recorded his observations. provided evidence for Copernicus's theory	30
9915119747	Francis Bacon	developed the scientific method	31
9915119748	Johannes Kepler	German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630)	32
9915119749	Sir Isaac Newton	British scientist that developed the three laws of motion	33
9915119750	The Enlightenment	"Age of Reason" A movement that emphasized science and reason as the guides to life.	34
9915119751	Montesquieu	Government should be separated into branches to prevent one part from getting too much power	35
9915119752	Voltaire	Religion crushes the human spirit, one must cultivate ones own garden	36
9915119753	David Hume	Author of An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding	37
9915119754	Jean Jacques Rousseau	One finds freedom by sacrificing some individual rights for the common good	38
9915119755	Adam Smith	Seen as the Father of Capitalism. Published The Wealth of Nations in 1776.	39
9915119756	Cesar Beccaria	criminal justice, reform money system, greatest good for greatest number	40
9915119757	Immanuel Kant	knowledge comes from our inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences	41
9915119758	Mary Wollstonecraft	English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women	42
9915119759	Deism	belief in a God who created the world but has since remained indifferent to it.	43
9915119760	Thomas Hobbes	believed that people are born selfish and need a strong central authority	44
9915119761	John Locke	believed all people have a right to life, liberty, and property	45
9915119762	Enlightened Monarchs	Fredrick of Prussia, Catherine of Prussia, Joseph of Austria	46
9915119763	Neoclassical Period	1750-1850 AD	47
9915119764	Prince Henry the Navigator	This was the Portuguese Prince that gave steadfast financial and moral support to the navigators	48
9915119765	Vasco da Gama	Portuguese - First European to sail around Africa to India.	49
9915119766	Christopher Columbus	He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India.	50
9915119767	Treaty of Tordesillas	set the boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas.	51
9917199464	foraging societies	Nomadic, small communities and population, no political system, economic distribution is more equal	52
9927332543	pastoral societies	societies based around the domestication of animals	53
9927350381	Neolithic Revolution	The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle is this revolution.	54
9927350382	Agricultural Revolution	Another name for the Neolithic Revolution	55
9927350724	Sumerian Civilization	the first major Mesopotamian civilization; rose in southern Mesopotamia	56
9927566506	Cuneiform	A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets.	57
9927567884	Polytheism	The belief in many gods	58
9927596620	Ziggurat	A rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians	59
9927596621	Babylon	an ancient city of Mesopotamia known for its wealth, luxury, and vice.	60
9927590928	Code of Hammurabi	a written code of rules that guided the ancient society of Babylon; dates back to 1772 B.C.	61
9927619219	Hittites	Group of Indo-European peoples who occupied Anatolia and learned how to use iron in their weapons	62
9927621775	Assyrians	Semitic-speaking people who exploited the use of iron weapons to establish an empire	63
9927632008	Nebuchadnezzar	Chaldean king who rebuilt Babylon	64
9927639675	Persian Empire	a vast empire in the 400s B.C.E. that ruled over lands in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia	65
9927666296	King Menes	United Upper and Lower Egypt into a single kingdom and created the first royal dynasty.	66
9927667203	Pharoah	a king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political leader	67
9927668371	Hieroglyphics	An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds	68
9928225107	Queen Hatshepsut	First female Egyptian pharaoh who expanded Egyptian trade routes	69
9928225108	Indus Valley Civilization	Earl civilization that developed along the Indus River, starting in about 2500 B.C.	70
9928225109	Khyber Pass	gap in the Hindu Kush mountains which may have been used by migrants from the north of India	71
9928225395	Harappa	A major city of the Indus Valley civilization; flourished around 2000 BCE	72
9928229683	Mohenjo-Daro	Indus Valley city laid out in a grid pattern. Had a complex irrigation and sewer system.	73
9928229684	Aryans	A member of the Indo-European people who crossed into India around 1500 BC, major influence on start of Hinduism	74
9928229685	Hinduism	A religion native to India, featuring belief in many gods and reincarnation	75
9935121909	Brahmans	a member of the highest Hindu caste, that of the priesthood	76
9935121910	Shang China	contributed to the development of central government in China	77
9935121911	Patriarchal	male led society and household	78
9935121912	Zhou Dynasty	the longest lasting Chinese dynasty, during which the use of iron was introduced.	79
9935121913	Mandate of Heaven	in Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority	80
9935121914	Bureaucracy	A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials	81
9935121915	bureau	department	82
9935121916	Bantu Migrations	farmers and herders who migrated south and spread language and skills-1000BC - 1000AD	83
9935121917	Jenne-jeno	Largest and most fully studied of the cities of the Niger Valley civilization.	84
9935121918	Olmec	The 1st civilization known for sculpting huge stone heads.	85
9935121919	Chavin	Andean town that was the center of a large Peruvian religious movement from around 900 to 200 B.C.E.	86
9935969922	Mauryan Empire	First empire in India, founded by Chandragupta Maurya	87
9935969923	Chandragupta Maurya	founder of the Mauryan Empire	88
9935969924	Asoka Maurya	This Maurya Emperor converted to Buddhism and ruled by its principles	89
9935969925	Buddhism	a religion founded in ancient India by the religious teacher Buddha	90
9935969926	Rock and Pillar Edicts	laws written by Ashoka reminding Mauryans to live generous and righteous lives	91
9935969927	Chandra Gupta the Great	The ruler who revived the Mauryan Empire under the Gupta Empire. Ruled from 375 to 415 CE.	92
9935969928	Gupta Empire	Second empire in India, founded by Chandra Gupta	93
9935969929	Arabic numerals	Indian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West.	94
9935969930	Qin Dynasty	(221-207 BCE) The first centralized dynasty of China that used Legalism as its base of belief.	95
9935969931	Great Wall of China	a fortification 1,500 miles long built across northern China in the 3rd century BC	96
9935969932	Qin Shi Huang	Founder of the Qin dynasty; first emperor of China	97
9935969933	Legalism	a Chinese philosophy that emphasizes strict obedience to laws	98
9935969934	Han Dynasty	Chinese dynasty that ruled for most of the period from 202 B.C. to A.D. 220	99
9935969935	Xiongnu	A confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China.	100
9935969936	Wu Ti	Han "Warrior Emperor" who greatly expanded the empire	101
9946962275	Satrap	a subordinate ruler, often a despotic one.	102
9946962276	Great Royal Road	the longest road built by the Persian Empire; 1600 miles from the Persian Gulf to the Aegean Sea	103
9946962277	Lydians	First people to come up with a coin system to conduct trade	104
9946962278	Phoenicians	A maritime people who spread their alphabet to others including the Hebrews, Romans, and Greeks.	105
9946962279	Hebrews	the ethnic group claiming descent from Abraham and Isaac (especially from Isaac's son Jacob)	106
9946962280	Polis	A city-state in ancient Greece.	107
9946962281	Athens	the capital and largest city of Greece	108
9946962282	Sparta	a greek city-state known for its strength and trained warriors	109
9946962283	The Persian Wars	Series of conflicts between Persia and Greek city-states that resisted Persia's tyrannical rule.	110
9946962284	Golden Age of Pericles	period after the Persian wars where Greece was able to enter an age of prosperity and peace	111
9946962285	Delian League	Pact joined in by Athenians and other Greeks to continue the war with Persia	112
9946962286	Socrates	Greek philosopher; socratic method--questioning; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth	113
9946962287	Plato	Student of Socrates, wrote The Republic about the perfectly governed society	114
9946962288	Aristotle	A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato	115
9946962289	Homer	A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey	116
9946962290	Peloponnesian War	a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta	117
9946962291	Macedonia	An ancient kingdom north of Greece, whose ruler Philip II conquered Greece in 338 B.C.E	118
9946962292	Alexander the Great	King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia	119
9946962293	Hellenism	the principles and ideals associated with classical Greek civilization	120
9946962294	Patricians	The wealthy, hereditary aristocrats during the Roman era.	121
9946962295	Plebeians	All non-land-owning, free men in Ancient Rome	122
9946962296	Twelve Tables of Rome	Formed the centerpiece of the constitution of the Roman Republic; included the 5 Common Principles.	123
9946962297	Punic Wars	Wars fought between Rome and Carthage	124
9946962298	Hannibal	general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War	125
9946962299	First Triumvirate	60 BCE, unofficial coalition between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus	126
9946962300	Caesar	an ancient Roman emperor	127
9946962301	Second Triumvirate	Octavian (Augustus), Marc Antony, Lepidus	128
9946962302	Octavius	Caesar's adopted son and appointed successor.	129
9946962303	Christianity	the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices.	130
9946962304	Constantine	Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)	131
9946962305	Edict of Milan	313 CE Constantine makes Christianity the primary religion of the Roman Empire	132
9946962306	Wang Mang	Founded the Xin dynasty in 9 CE	133
9946962307	Diocletian	Roman emperor who divided the empire in two and oversaw the eastern part	134
9961000533	Moksha	Becoming liberated for the cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism.	135
9961004911	Four Noble Truths	as taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism	136
9961004912	Therevada	Buddhists who practiced more traditionally during the 1st century AD were know as what?	137
9963294162	Hinayana	Another name for Theravada Buddhism	138
9963294163	Mahayana	newer type of Buddhism	139
9963294164	Muhammad	Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam.	140
9963294165	Quran	The holy book of Islam	141
9963294166	Five Pillars of Islam	Declaration of faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage	142
9963294167	Mecca	the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace	143
9963294168	Medina	a city in western Saudi Arabia; a city where Muhammad preached	144
9963294169	Abu Bakr	First caliph of Islam after the death of Muhammad	145
9963294170	Theocracy	A government controlled by religious leaders	146
9963294171	Caliphate	Islamic empire ruled by those believed to be the successors to the Prophet Muhammad.	147
9963294172	Umayyad Dynasty	- established by Mu'awiya (governor of Syria, cousin to Uthman	148
9963294173	Charles Martel	A Frankish leader who rallied warriors to push Muslims out of France	149
9963294174	Dome of the Rock	mosque in Jerusalem; achitecture	150
9963294175	Shiite	A member of the branch of Islam that supports the descendants of Muhammad as his rightful successors	151
9963294176	Sunni	a Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of the Umayyads as the true rulers of Islam	152
9963294177	Abbasid Dynasty		153