AP World History Period 1 Flashcards

From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER

10694385575	Hunting and gathering	Means of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization	0
10694385576	Civilization	Societies with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups	1
10694385577	Neolithic	The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished	2
10694385578	Nomadic societies	livestock hearding societies that do not have a permanent settlement. normally found on the fringes of civilized (urban) societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies	3
10694385580	Agricultrual revolution	Occurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture	4
10694385581	Pastoralism	A nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies	5
10694385583	Bronze Age	From 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing	6
10694385584	Mesopotamia	Literally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys	7
10694385586	Sumerians	People who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states	8
10694385587	Cuneiform	A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets	9
10694385588	City-state	A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king	10
10694385591	Hammurabi	The most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law	11
10694385594	Hieroglyphs	Form of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform	12
10694385596	Monotheism	The exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization	13
10694385598	Harappa and Mohenjo Daro	Major urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern	14
10694385599	Aryans	Indo-European nomadic, warlike, pastorialists who replaced Harappan civilization	15
10694385600	Huanghe (Yellow) River Basin	Site of the development of sedentary agriculture in China	16
10694385601	Shang	1st Chinese dynasty (after the legendary Xia)	17
10694385605	Paleolithic	The period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.	18
10694385607	Egalitarian	equality among people (no social levels)	19
10694385609	Neolithic Revolution	period of change from hunter-gatherer lifesyle to agricultural lifestyles associated with domestication, farming, and settlement	20
10694385610	Patriarchy	father based/male dominated society	21
10694385611	Climatic change	Permanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean, possibly as a response to what?	22
10694385615	Record-keeping systems	___ arose independently in all early civilizations as a result of increased trade.	23
10694385616	Nile River	This river flooded predictably and regularly.	24
10694385617	Tigris River	This river's floods were unpredictable.	25
10694385618	Mesopotamian	Unpredictable weather patterns affected the development of the _____ civilization.	26
10694385619	Egyptian	_______art demonstrated little change for nearly 1000 years.	27
10694679415	Divine power	Belief that god created the king and gave that person(s) power.	28
10694694681	Afterlife	an existence after death	29
10700771692	Granaries	a storehouse for threshed (separated) grain.	30
10700789068	Migration	A movement from one country or region to another	31
10700794402	Archaeology	the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains.	32
10700803366	Monumental architecture	large man-made structures generally created for the public to remember an event or individual	33
10700809519	Epic	Long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the past history of a nation.	34
10700823033	Agrarian society	Sedentary agriculture; both crop production and animal breeding are the foundation of subsistence and/or surplus wealth	35
10701248071	Polytheistic	Belief in many gods	36
10701253057	Epic of Gilgamesh	An epic poem from Mesopotamia, and among the earliest known works of literary writing.	37
10701260816	Desertification	the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.	38
10701298098	Militarism	the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.	39
10701302902	deferred	put off until a future time	40
10701319032	food surplus	extra food creation that allows people to engage in activities besides farming	41
10701325261	desseminate	to scatter or spread widely	42
10701331733	Theocratic	Religious leaders control the government	43
10701353072	Water Reservior	The Mohenjo-Daro civilization in the Indus Valley created these in order to cleanse themselves and practice rituals.	44
10701368444	Chavin People	No immediate access to to the river	45
10701378102	Bantu people	These farmers migrated throughout Sub-Saharan Africa spreading their language and culture.	46
10701392137	cultural diffusion	The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another	47