AP Language Terms (2) Flashcards

11203568927	active voice	when the subject is doing the acting. ex: Clarke killed Finn.	0
11203568928	adage	a traditional saying that conveys a common experience or observation. ex: The early bird gets the worm.	1
11203568929	ad hominem	directed against a person's character rather than the position they are maintaining (argument or reaction)	2
11203568930	allegory	a literary work in which the characters and events represent a hidden meaning that relate to morals, religion, or politics.	3
11203568931	alliteration	(used especially in poetry) the use of the same sound or sounds, usually consonants, at the beginning of several words that are close together.	4
11203568932	allusion	a casual or indirect reference to something,	5
11203568933	ampersand	the sign & (standing for and)	6
11203568934	anadiplosis	repetition of the words or phrase at the end of a sentence or clause at the beginning of the next.	7
11203568935	analogy	a comparison between things that have similar features, often used to help explain a principle idea.	8
11203568936	anaphora	the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses	9
11203568937	anectdote	a short account of a specific incident or event, especially of an interesting nature	10
11203568938	antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.	11
11203568939	antithesis	the direct opposite, a sharp contrast	12
11203568940	aphorism	A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.	13
11203568941	apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.	14
11203568942	appositive	A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun. ex: Raven, the smart engineer, was the best engineer in camp.	15
11203568943	archetype	a very typical example of a certain person or thing.	16
11203568944	argumentation	writing that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasoned arguments; persuasive writing is a form of argumentation.	17
11203568945	assonance	the similarity of sounds.	18
11203568946	asyndeton	omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.	19
11203568947	auditory imagery	sense of hearing	20
11203568948	balanced sentence	a sentence in which words, phrases, or clauses are set off against each other to emphasize a contrast.	21
11203568949	burlesque	an absurd or comically exaggerated imitation of something, especially in a literary or dramatic work; a parody.	22
11203568950	cacophony	A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds	23
11203568951	caricature	a picture, description, or imitation of a person or thing in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect.	24
11203568952	chiasmus	a rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form	25
11203568953	colloquialism	spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech.	26
11203568954	compound sentence	a sentence composed of at least two coordinate independent clauses.	27
11203568955	complex sentence	a sentence made up of at least one main clause and one subordinate clause.	28
11203568956	compound-complex sentence	a sentence having two or more coordinate independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.	29
11203568957	connotation	an idea that is implied or suggested	30
11203568958	consonance	repetition of consonants, usually at the ends of words.	31
11203568959	concession	something that is allowed or given up, in order to end a disagreement or the act of allowing or giving this.	32
11203568960	conditional statement	a sentence in which one half expresses something which depends on the other half. (often starting with if or unless)	33
11203568961	counterargument	an argument offered in opposition to another argument.	34
11203568962	cumulative sentence	sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on (also known as a loose sentence)	35
11203568963	denotation	the literal meaning of a word.	36
11203568964	deduction	the act of subtracting from a whole.	37
11203568965	diction	the choice of words and phrases used in a speech or writing	38
11203568966	discourse	communication in speech or writing	39
11203568967	dramatic irony	situation in which the audience of a play knows something that the characters don't know.	40
11203568968	ellipsis	the omission of parts of words or sentences, but the sentence can still be understood.	41
11203568969	ethos	set of ideas and attitudes that is associated with a particular group of people or a particular type of activity.	42
11203568970	epanalepsis	the repetition of a word or phrase at regular intervals.	43
11203568971	euphemism	a word or phrase used to replace one that is considered offensive or too harsh.	44
11203568972	euphony	any agreeable (pleasing and harmonious) sounds	45
11203568973	exposition	a comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory.	46
11203568974	extended metaphor	a metaphor introduced and then further developed.	47
11203568975	figurative language	Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or insights.	48
11203568976	foreshadowing	providing vague hints and advance indications; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader.	49
11203568977	gustatory imagery	sense of taste	50
11203568978	hyperbole	a description that is exaggerated, usually not meant to be taken literally.	51
11203568979	hypophora	raising a question and immediately answers it.	52
11203568980	idiom	a phrase or expression that has a meaning in which differs from the literal meaning of its part taken together.	53
11203568981	induction	from specific to general	54
11203568982	inference	A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning	55
11203568983	inversion	situation in which something is changed so that it is the opposite of what it was before.	56
11203568984	isocolon	a figure of speech in which parallelism is reinforced by members that are of the same length, rhythm and structure.	57
11203568985	jargon	vocabulary distinctive to a particular profession or group, difficult for others to understand.	58
11203568986	juxtaposition	the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.	59
11203568987	kairos	Building a sense of urgency for your cause	60
11203568988	kinesthetic imagery	sense of touch, temperature, movement, and feelings.	61
11203568989	litotes	the use of a negative statement in order to emphasize the positive meaning.	62
11203568990	logical fallacy	an error in reasoning proves an argument invalid.	63
11203568991	loose sentence	A complex sentence in which the main clause comes first and the subordinate clause follows (also known as a cumulative sentence)	64
11203568992	logos	a way of persuading an audience with reason, using facts and figures.	65
11203568993	metaphor	comparison made without using like or as (different from a simile)	66
11203568994	metonymy	the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant	67
11203568995	mood	How the reader feels about the text while reading.	68
11203568996	motif	(n.) a principal idea, feature, theme, or element; a repeated or dominant figure in a design	69
11203568997	non-sequitur	A statement that does not follow logically from evidence	70
11203568998	olfactory imagery	sense of smell	71
11203568999	onomatopoeia	the formation of a word by imitation of the natural sounds of a thing.	72
11203569000	oxymoron	two opposite terms used together to create an effect.	73
11203569001	parable	a short story that teaches or explains an idea, especially a moral or religious lesson.	74
11203569051	paradox		75
11203569002	parallelism	similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses	76
11203569003	parody	an imitation of the original, making the features or qualities of the original more noticeable in a way that is humorous or exaggerated.	77
11203569004	passive voice	the subject of the sentence is acted on by the verb	78
11203569005	pathos	a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating emotional response to an impassioned plea or a convincing story.	79
11203569006	periodic sentence	sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end	80
11203569007	personification	A figure of speech in which human behavior and qualities are given to an object or animal.	81
11203569008	point of view	the perspective in which the story or situation is told	82
11203569009	first person	A narrator who is a character in the story and tells the tale from his or her point of view.	83
11203569010	stream of consciousness	a style of writing that portrays the inner workings of a character's mind.	84
11203569011	omniscient	knowing everything; having unlimited awareness or understanding	85
11203569012	limited omniscient	A Third person narrator who generally reports only what one character sees, and who only reports the thoughts of that one privileged character.	86
11203569013	third person	Narrator is outside of the story, more like an observer.	87
11203569014	polysyndeton	the use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural	88
11203569015	premise	the basis for a conclusion	89
11203569016	pun	the humorous use of a word	90
11203569017	qualifier	a word or phrase that clarifies, modifies, or limits the meaning of another word or phrase	91
11203569018	rebuttal	a falsification or contradiction	92
11203569019	rhetoric	the art of using language effectively and persuasively	93
11203569020	rhetorical modes	This flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing.	94
11203569021	exposition	form of writing that explains what's happening or what has happened. (in a matter-of-fact way)	95
11203569022	description	a spoken or written representation or account of a person, object, or event	96
11203569023	narration	the act of telling a story	97
11203569024	argumentation	to convince others of an opinion or belief	98
11203569025	cause and effect	the reason for something to happen and the results of it happening.	99
11203569026	rhetorical question	question asked simply for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer	100
11203569027	sarcasm	the use of irony to mock or project contempt	101
11203569028	satire	a way of criticizing ideas or people in a humorous way	102
11203569029	simile	a comparison using like/as (different from metaphor)	103
11203569030	situational irony	An outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected (similar to a plot twist)	104
11203569031	syllogism	logical reasoning in which the conclusion is gotten from two linked premises.	105
11203569032	symbolism	the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities	106
11203569033	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	107
11203569034	synesthesia	describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")	108
11203569035	syntax	Sentence structure	109
11203569036	tactile imagery	sense of touch	110
11203569037	telegraphic sentence	a short sentence using five words or less.	111
11203569038	thermal imagery	related to temperature or warmth	112
11203569039	thesis statement	A statement of the central idea in a work	113
11203569040	tone	A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter	114
11203569041	tricolon	Sentence consisting of three parts of equal importance and length, usually three independent clauses.	115
11203569042	understatement	a statement that is restrained in ironic contrast to what might have been said	116
11203569043	verbal irony	sarcasm	117
11203569044	vernacular	everyday language commonly used	118
11203569045	visual imagery	sense of sight	119
11203569046	warrant	justify or deserve	120
11203569047	zeugma	using one word to modify two other words, in two different ways.	121