AP World History Period 1 Flashcards

10549628843	Agriculture	The practice of raising crops or livestock on a continual and controlled basis.	0
10549628844	Artisan	A skilled craftsperson.	1
10549628845	Domestication	The taming of animals and plants for human use, such as for labor or food.	2
10549628846	Eurasia	The large landmass that includes both Europe and Asia.	3
10549628847	Animism	The belief that animals, Rivers, and other elements of nature embody spirits.	4
10549628848	Hunter-foragers	People who survived by hunting animals and foraging for seeds, nuts, fruits, and edible roots.	5
10549628849	Irrigation	A way of supplying water to an area of land, the people would use water from the rivers to irrigate their crops.	6
10549628850	Metallurgy	The science of the study of metals.	7
10549628851	Migration	A movement from one country or region to another.	8
10549628852	Monotheism	The belief in one God.	9
10549628853	Paleolithic Period	Old Stone Age, where humanos used stone tools and weapons.	10
10549628854	Specialization of labor	The division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work.	11
10549628855	Surplus	Having more resources than needed for themselves.	12
10549628856	Textile	Items made of cloth, would be weaved by women and then decorated, usually all at home.	13
10549628857	Urbanization	An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.	14
10549628858	Overgrazing	The continual eating of grasses or their roots, without allowing them to regrow.	15
10549628859	Overfarming	Land loosing its fertility unless it is left fallow or it was fertilized usually by spreading of animal manure.	16
10549628860	Artifacts	Objects made and used by early humans, usually dug up by archaeologists.	17
10549628861	Homo Sapiens Sapiens	Also known as "early modern humans" who became the only hominids on earth- us.	18
10549628862	Neolithic Revolution	The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle.	19
10549628863	Bronze Age	The period in ancient human culture when people began to make and use bronze.	20
10549628864	Civilization	The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.	21
10549628865	Jericho	One of the oldest first human cities that was built on the West Bank of the Jordan river.	22
10549628866	Catal Huyuk	Ancient city in present dat Turkey that was founded in 7500 B.C.E. along a river that has since dried up.	23
10549628867	Nomadic Pastoralism	People moving herds of animals from pasture to pasture.	24
10549628868	Kinship Group	Several related families that moved together in search of food.	25
10549628869	Clan	Group of families with a common ancestor.	26
10549628870	Tribe	A group of people who share a common ancestry, language, name, and way of living.	27
10549628871	Patriarchal	Relating to a society in which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority.	28
10549628872	Merchants	People who buy and sell goods also known as traders.	29
10549628873	Social Stratification	The division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy. Some people accumulated wealth in the form of jewelry and others coveted items by building larger and better decorated houses.	30
10549628874	Priests and Priestesses	People who performed religious ceremonies.	31
10549628875	Tigris and Euphrates Rivers	Flow south from modern day Turkey through what is now Iraq to empty into the Persian Gulf.	32
10549628876	Mesopotamia	Land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers where many ancient civilizations arose from.	33
10549628877	Fertile Crescent	An arc of fertile land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf .	34
10549628878	Sumerians	Group of nomadic pastoralists that migrated into Mesopotamia and created a civilization of Sumer that provided the core and the foundation of several other civilizations.	35
10549628879	Ziggurats	Temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped.	36
10549628880	Desertification	The spread of desert like conditions.	37
10549628881	Indus River Valley	Developed near water and became the core and foundation of later civilizations in the region.	38
10549628882	Environmental Degradation	Caused the gradual decline and eventual disappearance of the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro civilizations by soil eroding.	39
10549628883	Deforestation	The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.	40
10549628884	Loess	A wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt.	41
10549628885	Mesoamerica	An area of ancient civilization in what is now Central America.	42
10549628886	Glyphs	The first writing system in the Americas that used pictures and symbols of real ojects.	43
10549628887	Barter	Trading system in which people exchange goods directly without using money.	44
10549628888	Polytheistic	Belief in many gods.	45
10549628889	Ziggurats	Temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped.	46
10549628890	Astronomy	The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space.	47
10549628891	Astrology	Theory of the influence of planets and stars on human events.	48
10549628892	Abraham	Founder of Judaism.	49
10549628893	Moses	Led the Exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt; received the 10 commandments.	50
10549628894	Ten Commandments	Laws given by God to Moses that tell Jews how to behave in their daily lives.	51
10549628895	Jewish Diaspora	The scattering of the Jewish people outside their homeland beginning about 586 B.C.E.	52
10549628896	The Huang He and The Chiang Jiang	Where Chinas first civilizations developed.	53
10549628897	Mummification	Involved removing the body's internal organs, drying the body with salts, and packing its insides and wrapping it with chemically treated cloth.	54
10549628898	Hieroglyphics	Egyptian writing that involved using pictures to represent words.	55
10549628899	Papyrus	A type of plant that grew along the Nile River, used its fibers to create a type of paper.	56
10549628900	Vedas	A collection of Aryan religious hymns, poems, and songs.	57
10549628901	Vedic Age	Aryans growing awareness of Dravidian beliefs.	58
10549628902	Brahma	Overarching, universal soul that connects all creatures on Earth.	59
10549628903	Dharma	In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties.	60
10549628904	Karma	The effects that good or bad actions have on a person's soul.	61
10549628905	Moksha	The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths.	62
10549628906	Ancestor Veneration	The believe of making offerings to their ancestors in hope to win their favor.	63
10549628907	Golden Age	A period in which a society or culture is at its peak.	64
10549628908	Mandate of Heaven	A just rulers power was bestowed by the gods.	65
10549628909	Upanishads	A foundational text for the set of religious beliefs that later became known as Hinduism.	66
10549628910	Pictographs	A graphic symbol that represents an idea, concept, or object, rather than representing a single sound, as letter systems do.	67
10549628911	Shamans	People who believed to have special abilities to cure the sick and influence the future.	68
10549628912	Core and Foundational civilizations	Civilizations that developed ways of life, such as language, religious beliefs, and economic practices, that would heavily influence successor civilizations in their regions.	69
10549628913	City-State	Typically covered several hundred square miles and were independent each with its own government.	70
10549628914	Kings	Sumerian military leaders became more important than priests and ruled over a territory known as a kingdom.	71
10549628915	Cuneiform	Sumerians created it to keep records which consisted of marks carved onto wet clay tablets.	72
10549628916	Scribes	Individuals who were charged first with record-keeping and later with the writing of history and myths.	73
10549628917	The Epic of Gilgamesh	An epic poem from Mesopotamia, is among the earliest surviving works of literature.	74
10549628918	Empire	Large territory that included diverse cultural groups.	75
10549628919	Babylonians	Persians who took control of Mesopotamia and built a new capital city called Babylon.	76
10549628920	Hammurabi	Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BC), and created a set of laws called the Code of Hammurabi.	77
10549628921	Code of Hammurabi	Law code introduced when Hammurabi of Babylon took over Sumer in 1760 BC, that dealt with topics such as property rights, wages, contracts, marriage, and various crimes.	78
10549628922	Phoenicians	Most powerful traders along the Mediterranean, that occupied parts of present day Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan around 3000 B.C.E.	79
10549628923	Carthage	A Phoenician colony on the coast of North Africa, that became a significant outpost in the region.	80
10549628924	Alphabetic script	A system of symbols (letters) that represent the sounds of speech, as an alternative to cuneiform around 1000 B.C.E.	81
10549628925	Sahara and Kalahari Deserts	Two desert zones one in Northern Africa and the other in Southern Africa.	82
10549628926	Nile River	The river in which early kingdoms in Egypt were centered around.	83
10549628927	King Menes	United Upper and Lower Egypt into a single kingdom and created the first royal dynasty.	84
10549628928	Old Kingdom	A period in Egyptian history that lasted from about 2700 BC to 2200 BC.	85
10549628929	Middle Kingdom	A period of order and stability that lasted until about 1750 BC.	86
10549628930	New Kingdom	The period during which Egypt reached the height of its power and glory.	87
10549628931	Pharaoh	A king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader.	88
10549628932	Theocrats	Rulers holding both religious and political power.	89
10549628933	Hyksos	A group of nomadic invaders from southwest Asia who ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 B.C.	90
10549628934	Akhenaton	The pharaoh that tried to change Egypts religion and called for the worship of a sun god called Aten.	91
10549628935	Ramses the Great	Took the throne around 1290 B.C.E. who expanded the empire into Southwest Asia and built more temples and erected more statues than any other pharaoh.	92
10549628936	Hittites	Had military advantage over the Egyptians because they were beginning to use iron tools and weapons.	93
10549628937	Book of the Dead	Scrolls that served as a guide for the afterlife in ancient Egypt.	94
10549628938	Dravidians	Indigenous peoples of the Indian subcontinent.	95
10549628939	Xia Dynasty	Lasted for about 400 years, little is known because early Chinese had no writing system.	96
10549628940	Shang Dynasty	Ruled for 600 years, conquered neighboring peoples and established an empire, wielded tremendous economic and religious power.	97
10549628941	Zhou Dynasty	The longest lasting Chinese dynasty, during which the use of iron was introduced.	98
10549628942	Feudalism	The network of regional rulers with relationships based on mutual defense agreements.	99
10549628943	Maize	One of the first important plants to be grown by the indigenous Americans.	100
10549628944	Chavin Civilization	Existed from around 1000 to 200 B.C.E, and centered at Chavin de Huantar.	101
10549628945	Olmec	The foundation or core of Mesoamerica advanced civilizations.	102
10549628946	Aboriginals	People in Australia who remained hunter-foragers.	103
10549628947	Easter Island	Divided into clans, with a chief for each clan and one chief over all clans.	104