APES Flashcards

10726277550	tradgedy of the commons	a term used in social science to describe a situation in a shared-resource system where individual users acting independently according to their own self-interest behave contrary to the common good of all users by depleting or spoiling that resource through their collective action.	0
10726292542	Dieback	a condition in which a tree or shrub begins to die from the tip of its leaves or roots backward, owing to disease or an unfavorable environment.	1
10726305197	contraceptive	a device or drug serving to prevent pregnancy.	2
10726315924	Emmigration	the act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another; moving abroad	3
10726319591	Immigration	the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.	4
10726510152	Family Planning	planning on how many kids, and when you want to have them.	5
10726527240	Baby Boom	a temporary marked increase in the birth rate, especially the one following World War II.	6
10726545518	GDP	Gross Domestic Product: the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.	7
10726574849	GNP	Gross national product: a temporary marked increase in the birth rate, especially the one following World War II.	8
10726613943	Per Capita	for each person; in relation to people taken individually.	9
10726626415	age stucture	description of how many individuals fit into particular age categories; determines those of reproductive age/size of next generation	10
10726669922	Migration	Movement into or out of specific areas	11
10726675112	infant mortality rate	# of babies per/1,000 who die before their first birthday	12
10726709504	The GDP divided by the countries total population at mid year.	Per Capita GDP	13
10726730017	Doubling Time Formula	70/growth rate	14
10726745815	Natural Capital	The world's stocks of natural assets which include geology, soil, air, water and all living things.	15
10726764575	RFR (replacement fertility rate)	Replacement Fertility Rate: The average number of children born per woman at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next, without migration.	16
10726804892	Graying Population	Graying Population: Population ageing is an increasing median age in the population of a region due to declining fertility rates and/or rising life expectancy.	17
10726826656	I=PAT	Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology	18
10726831514	Enviornmental Degradation	The deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution.	19
10726853763	Ecosystem Services	The many and varied benefits that humans freely gain from the natural environment and from properly-functioning ecosystems.	20
10726871000	Growth Rate Formula	(Crude birth rate + immigration rate) - (Crude death rate + emigration rate) = Growth rate	21
10726912722	Planetary Management	The intentional global-scale management of Earth's biological, chemical and physical processes and cycles (water, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and others).	22
10726937302	ecological footprint	The impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources.	23
10726944729	Biocapacity	an estimate of its production of certain biological materials such as natural resources, and its absorption and filtering of other materials such as carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.	24
10726973514	Baby-Bust Generation	A temporary marked decrease in the birth rate. Consists of people born between 1965 and 1976	25
10727009673	world growth rate	1.09%	26
10727054002	graying population	Evidenced by a population pyramid showing a higher number of older, or elderly, people in its projection than younger, working-age people. The pyramid is top-heavy.	27
10727119953	Linear Growth	Growth in which a quantity increases by some fixed amount during each unit of time.	28
10727128670	population density	Number of individuals per unit area	29
10727147847	Population Growth Momentum	population growth at the national level that would occur even if levels of childbearing immediately declined to replacement level. For countries with above-replacement fertility	30
10727170611	Dispersion	the pattern of distribution of individuals within a habitat.	31
10727185588	low-throughput economy	Economy based on working with nature by recycling and reusing discarded matter; preventing pollution; conserving matter and energy resources by reducing unnecessary waste and use; and building things that are easy to recycle, reuse, and repair.	32
10727204288	sustainable yield	Ecological yield that can be extracted without reducing the base of capital itself, the surplus required to maintain nature's services at the same or increasing level over time. Example, in fisheries the basic natural capital decreases with extraction, but productivity increases; so the sustainable yield is within the ranch that the natural capital together with production are able to provide satisfactory yield.	33
10727216061	renewable resource	A natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed	34
10727219570	nonrenewable resource	Something produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans	35
10727231004	enviornmental ethics	A search for moral values and ethical principles in human relations with the natural world.	36
10727234429	economic poverty	a lack of money and other resources	37
10727251247	exponential growth	growth whose rate becomes ever more rapid in proportion to the growing total number or size.	38
10727264044	China's One Child Policy	- Law created in 1979 to slow down population growth and to prevent overpopulation	39
10727284011	Full-cost pricing	Pricing method that uses all relevant variable costs in setting a product's price and allocates those fixed costs not directly attributed to the production of the priced item.	40
10727331609	Natural Income	Natural Income is the annual yield from such sources of natural capital	41
10727377057	Enviornmental policy	Official rules concerning the environment that are implemented by the government	42
10727381779	developing countries	a poor agricultural country that is seeking to become more advanced economically and socially.	43
10727396236	enviornmental worldview	How people think the world works, where they fit, and ethics.	44
10727413006	cultural carrying capacity	the maximum number of people who could live in reasonable freedom and comfort indefinitely, without decreasing the ability of the earth to sustain future generations.	45
10727451826	crude birth rate	The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.	46
10727451827	crude death rate	The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.	47