Friedland APES Chapter 9 Flashcards
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| 9148100732 | Aquifers | Permeable layers of rock and sediment that contain groundwater in many small spaces. |  | 0 |
| 9148100733 | Unconfined Aquifer | Water can flow easily in and out of the aquifer. Porous rock covered by soil | | 1 |
| 9148100734 | Confined Aquifer | Aquifers covered by an impermeable and confining layer impeding water flow in or out. | | 2 |
| 9148100735 | Water Table | Uppermost aquifer layer where water fully saturates the rock or soil. |  | 3 |
| 9148100736 | Groundwater Recharge | Water from precipitation percolates through soil and into aquifer. If confined, can't recharge. |  | 4 |
| 9148100737 | Springs | Water from some aquifers naturally comes up, natural source of freshwater |  | 5 |
| 9148100738 | Artesian Wells | Drilled hole in a confined aquifer releases pressure and pushes water up. |  | 6 |
| 9148100739 | Cone of Depression | Area where there's no longer any groundwater, caused by well overuse, eventually will go dry. |  | 7 |
| 9148100740 | Saltwater intrusion | Lessened pressure from over-pumping so salt water infiltrates and makes well water salty. |  | 8 |
| 9148100741 | Floodplain | Land adjacent to river where excess water spreads onto. |  | 9 |
| 9148100742 | Oligotrophic | Lakes with low productivity because of little nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen. |  | 10 |
| 9148100743 | Mesotrophic | Lakes with moderate levels of productivity |  | 11 |
| 9148100744 | Eutrophic | Lakes with high levels of productivity |  | 12 |
| 9148100745 | Impermeable Surfaces | Pavement, buildings, etc. Doesn't allow water penetration, water then runs into sewers and streams. Excess water causes floods. |  | 13 |
| 9148100746 | Levee | Enlarged bank on each side of river to prevent flooding |  | 14 |
| 9148100747 | Dikes | Similar to levees but to prevent ocean waters from flooding coasts that are under sea level. |  | 15 |
| 9148100748 | Dam | Barrier that runs across a river/stream to control water flow |  | 16 |
| 9148100749 | Reservoir | Large body of water stored behind a dam. Held for consumption, generating electricity, flood control, or recreation. |  | 17 |
| 9148100750 | Fish Ladders | Sets of stairs with water flowing over them to have fish migrate despite dams. |  | 18 |
| 9148100751 | Aqueducts | Canals or ditches used to carry water between locations. Transports water to dry areas. |  | 19 |
| 9148100752 | Desalination | Removes salt from salt water to make fresh water. |  | 20 |
| 9148100753 | Distillation | Desalination method. Seawater flows in, heated to create steam, cool seawater in condensing coil causes steam to condense. Brine and fresh water then flows out. |  | 21 |
| 9148100754 | Reverse Osmosis | Desalination method. Seawater flows in, pressure applied, water goes through semipermeable membrane, salt can't. Water and brine flows out. |  | 22 |
| 9148100755 | Hydroponic Agriculture | Cultivation under greenhouse conditions with roots in nutrient rich solution, and not soil. |  | 23 |
| 9148100756 | Water footprint | The total daily per capita use of freshwater. |  | 24 |
| 9148100757 | Gray water | Wastewater from baths, showers, bathrooms, and washing machines. |  | 25 |
| 9148100758 | Contaminated water | Wastewater from toilets, kitchen sinks, and dishwashers. |  | 26 |