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AP World History Exam Flashcards

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8232789756HammurabiMesopotamian King and wrote Hammurabi's code0
8232789757King SolomonCreated a temple in Jerusalem, legitimized Judaism1
8232789758Cyrus the Greatstarted the Persian Empire2
8232789759Siddhartha Gautamastarted Buddhism3
8232789760Chandragupta Mauryastarted the Mauryan Dynasty4
8232789761AshokaMauryan King that converted to Buddhism5
8232789762Confuciusfounded confucianism6
8232789763Laozifounded Daoism (Taoism)7
8232789764Shi Huangdiunified China under the Qin empire, started building the great wall8
8232789765Alexander the Greatstarted the Hellenistic period, promoted and spread Greek culture9
8232789766Emperor Constantineconverted to christianity and ended the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire, moved the capitol of Rome to Constantinople10
8232789767JustinianRuler of the Byzantine Empire, built the Hagia Sophia and the rewrote the law codes11
8232789768Mansa musaKing of the Mali empire, gave away gold to his Hajj to Mecca12
8232789769Ibn BattutaMoroccan Explorer, traveled most of the Muslim world, had detailed journal13
8232789770Charles Martelled France against muslims in the battle of tours14
8232789771Charlemagnecrowned emperor of the Romans, started Carolingian dynasty15
8232789772Vladimir the 1st of Kievconverts to orthodoxy, stops the spread of Catholicism to the east16
8232789773WIlliam the ConquerorNorman conquests of England17
8232789774Batuestablished the Golden Horde18
8232789775Joan of Arcled the French in the 100 years war19
8232789776Johannes Gutenbergcreated the printing press20
8232789777Fujiwara Familybegan the Heian period of Japan21
8232789778Genghis Khanled mongol conquests among central Asia and Eastern Europe22
8232789779Khubilai Khanstarted the Yuan dynasty in China23
8232789780Zheng Headded 50 tribute states using ships funded by China24
8232789781Muhammadfounder of Islam25
8232789782Pope Urban the IIcalled for the first Crusade26
8232789783Timur/Tamer the lamestarted the Timurid Empire in the Middle East, sacked Delhi27
8232789784Columbusstarts the colonization race in the Americas28
8232789785Peter the GreatRussian takes the throne, promotes westernization, expanded empire, updates military29
8232789786Ivan the GreatRuled Russia in 146230
8232789787Martin Lutherwrites the 95 theses, begins the Protestant Reformation31
8232789788CortezConquered Aztecs, Spanish32
8232789789PizarroToppled the Inca, Spanish33
8232789790DiasRounded Cape of Good Hope, Portuguese34
8232789791IsmailFounder of the Safavid Empire35
8232789792BaburFounder of the Mughal Empire in India36
8232789793Suleiman the MagnificentCommanded the troops of the 1st unsuccessful Ottoman siege, ruled during the height of the Ottoman Empire37
8232789794Queen Elizabeth IBritish monarch, rules during the defeat of the Spanish Armada(navy)38
8232789795HabsburgsDominant role, Autrain ruling family, curtailed during the 30 Years War39
8232789796RomanovRussian ruing family40
8232789797Mehmet IVLed the Ottomans during the 2nd unsuccessful siege of Vienna, Austria41
8232789798Battle of Manzikert(Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantine, the beginning of the end of for the BE)42
82327897991st Crusade((call by Pope Urban II for a return of the Holy Land (Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria) to Christian control)43
8232789800Mongols sack Baghdad(Mongols sack Baghdad (end of Abbasid Caliphate)44
8232789801Ottomans capture Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul Ottomans capture Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul(end of the Byzantine Empire, Islamic control over entire Middle East, one of the Gunpowder Empires)45
8232789802Revolt in Ottoman Empire Revolt in the Ottoman Empire(gave the Janissaries-young Christian boys who were taken to receive military training- more power politically, they abolished the devshirme system and thorough training so their superior military skills deteriorated)46
8232789803Chinggis (Genghis) Khan begins Mongol conquests(Central Asian nomads, shamanism, horsemanship and the Central Asian bow gave them an advantage, absorbed captured people into their army, spread disease like the bubonic plague)47
8232789804Fall of Rome(the Western part of the Empire, sacked by Germanic tribes, the Roman legacy lives on in the Byzantine Empire (the Eastern portion of Rome)48
8232789805Battle of Tours(end of Muslim move into France led by Charles Martel)49
8232789806Norman conquest of England(William the Conquer)50
8232789807Hundred Years War(England vs. France for control over the French throne, Joan of Arc)51
82327898081st unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna, Austria(Suleiman the Magnificent commander of troops, height of the Ottoman Empire, furthest push into Western Europe, seen as a fight between Christianity and Islam)52
8232789809Battle of Lepanto(naval defeat of Ottomans by the Holy League- a coalition of European Catholic maritime states, defeat prevented the Ottomans from expanding further along the European side of the Mediterranean Sea)53
8232789810defeat of the Spanish Armada (navy) by the British(Queen Elizabeth I, seen as one of Britain's greatest victories ever, Spain was trying to invade Britain)54
823278981130 Years War(basically between Protestants and Catholics, dominant role of the Habsburgs curtailed, ended with the Peace of Westphalia)55
82327898122nd unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna, Austria(Mehmet IV led the Ottomans, fought against the combined forces of the Holy Roman Empire of German Nations and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, important because it was the last time the Ottomans tried to invade western Europe)56
8232789813Glorious Revolution(done so a Protestant was the monarch and not a Catholic) / English Bill of Rights (established limited constitutional monarchy, free speech, no cruel and unusual punishment)57
8232789814Columbus / Reconquista of Spain(starts colonization race in the Americas) / (when King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella's forces defeated the Kingdom of Granada which was the last stronghold of Muslim rule (the Moors) in the Iberian Peninsula)58
82327898151st African Slaves to Americas beginning trans-Atlantic slave trade and the beginning of the Columbian Exchange(American products like potatoes and corn to Europe and Africa; Europeans brought horses, pigs, and cattle with them to the Americas; Africans brought okra and rice with them to the Americas)59
8232789816Cortez conquered the Aztecs(Spanish Empire in Mesoamerica)60
8232789817Pizarro toppled the Inca(Spanish Empire in South America)61
8232789818Delhi Sultanate in India(Islamic Empire that created conflict with Hindus, capital Delhi sacked by Timur)62
8232789819Persian EmpireZoroastrian but tolerant of other faiths63
8232789820Umayyad CaliphateIslamic64
8232789821Abbasid CaliphateIslamic65
8232789822Il-khanateIslamic66
8232789823OttomansIslamic67
8232789824Safavid EmpireShi'ite (Islamic)68
8232789825MuhammadIslam69
8232789826Mauryan DynastyHindu to Buddhist70
8232789827Gupta Dynasty/EmpireHindu71
8232789828Delhi Sultanate in IndiaIslamic72
8232789829Mughal Empire in IndiaIslamic73
8232789830AshokaBuddhist74
8232789831Qin DynastyLegalism75
8232789832Tang DynastyBuddhism76
8232789833Han DynastyConfucianism77
8232789834Heian JapanBuddhism, Taoism, Confucianism78
8232789835Song DynastyNeo-Confucianism79
8232789836MongolsShamanism80
8232789837Ming DynastyConfucianism81
8232789838LaoziDaoism/Taoism82
8232789839ConfuciusConfucianism83
8232789840Shi HuangdiLegalism84
8232789841Ghana EmpireIslamic85
8232789842Mali EmpireIslamic86
8232789843Songhai EmpireIslamic87
8232789844Martin LutherProtestant (Christianity)88
8232789845Vladimir IOrthodox Christian89
8232789846ConstantineChristianity90
8232789847Pope Urban IICatholicism91
8232789848Kievan RussiaOrthodox Christian92
8232789849Kingdom of Granada/MoorsIslamic93
8232789850Mansa MusaIslamic94
8232789851AnnamConfucianism95
8232789852Persian Empire(started by Cyrus the Great, stretched from Greece to India and North Africa, Darius I set up satraps (governors to run the empire in districts), Zoroastrian but tolerant of other faiths)96
8232789853Umayyad CaliphateIslamic Empire that unified Saudi Arabia, Syria, Palestine, North Africa, and southern Spain97
8232789854Abbasid Caliphateflourishing of Islamic culture- Baghdad (capital) cosmopolitan98
8232789855Safavid EmpireShi'a Persian ethnically, centered out of Iran started by Ismail one of the Gunpowder Empires99
8232789856Byzantinealmost reclaimed all of Roman Empire's lands height of the Byzantine Empire, built the Hagia Sophia rewrote the law codes100
8232789857Ottoman EmpireOttomans capture Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul101
8232789858Shang DynastyYellow and Yangzi Rivers feng shui character writing system jade, ivory, silk, bronze weapons102
8232789859Zhou Dynastylongest-lasting dynasty in Chinese history introduced the concept of the Mandate of Heaven103
8232789860Qinunified China Shi Huangdi Legalist started Great Wall of China made terracotta warriors104
8232789861Han Dynastythe Classical Age or Golden Age of China established Silk Road based on Confucianism starts Civil Service Exam horse collar, crossbow, silk105
8232789862Sui DynastySmall dynasty, two rulers106
8232789863Tang Dynastyused Buddhism to come to power reestablished tribute system originally started in the Han invented the compass expanded Grand Canal started during the Sui mini-industrial revolution107
8232789864Song DynastyNeo-Confucianism Gunpowder paper money, credit mini-industrial revolution footbinding very popular108
8232789865Yuan (Mongol) Dynastykhubilai khan was the great khan ruled from Beijing, did away with scholar exam reign during pax Mongolia gave importance to trade and merchant, Marco Polo was a guest of khubilai khan109
8232789866Ming Dynastyethnically Chinese reestablished Confucianism Zheng He's voyages for the Ming (added 50 tribute states to China's realm) South Asia:110
8232789867Mauryan Dynastystarted by Chandragupta Maurya most kings Hindu Centralized controlled mines coins, large army most famous king Ashoka-converted to Buddhism spread the faith(Buddhism) through missionaries pillars of moral codes placed throughout empire111
8232789868Gupta Dynasty/EmpireHindu Golden Age of India concept of zero, decimals, Arabic numerals sati (burning of a widow on husband's funeral pyre)112
8232789869Delhi SultanateIslamic Empire that created conflict with Hindus. Key player in Indian Ocean trade, capital Delhi sacked by Timur113
8232789870Mughal Empireone of the Gunpowder Empires, started by Babur, a descendant of Timur, Islamic Empire except for during Akbar the Great's reign who made the Divine Faith, a blending of most of the world's religions, empire was taken over by the British114
8232789871Maya(independent city state, modern day Mexico and Central America)115
8232789872Aztecs(modern day Mexico, had a massive tribute system, trade was important116
8232789873Inca EmpireSouth American empire, modern day Peru, use the Mita reciprocal labor system, theocracy, extensive road network)117
8232789874Ghana EmpireWest African Islamic empire, converted to Islam peacefully through trade on trans Saharan made money from gold and salt118
8232789875Mali EmpireWest African Islamic empire, similar to Ghana economically but larger, promoting education)119
8232789876SonghaiIslamic empire, people were part of former Mali Empire, traded gold, slaves, palm oil, kola nuts on the Trans-Saharan trade routes120
8232789877Roman RepublicBuilt on Greek legacy Senate Patricians/ Plebeians121
8232789878Roman EmpirePersecuted Christians, Emperor Constantine ended persecution, Capital moved to Constantinople and power shifts east122
8232789879Byzantine Empire○ Carried Roman legacy ○ Defeated by Seljuk Turks ○ Ended when Ottomans captured Constantinople ○ Eastern portion of Rome123
8232789880Golden Hordeestablished by Batu, genghis' grandson (mongol khanate of Russia)124
8232789881Charlemagne's Holy Roman EmpireCarolingian dynasty, controlled all of Gaul, parts of Germany, and Italy, intellectual rival125
8232789882Romanov DynastyAutocracy, Russian Empire126
8318145993Treaty of Tordesillas1494127
8318193330Cortez conquered the Aztecs1521128
83181953231480sHeight of Aztec Empire (triple alliance, Mexican people, originally nomadic, tenochitlan-capital city, chinampas for farming, human sacrifice)129
83182221651607Jamestown130
83182256171492Columbus, Colonization of Americas131
8318228006Rise of Inca1438132
8318231190Aztec build capital cities1325133
8318241119Decline of classical maya900134
8318242339Discovery of Potosi1545135
8318248439Trans Atlantic Trade & Colombian Exchange1500s136
8318257830Pizzaro toppled Inca1533137
8318269626Shang Dynasty1750138
8318276910Life of Confucius and Laozi6bce139
8318278381Zhou Dynasty1027140
8318290228Printing in China730141
8318295815Marco Polo Travels to China1271-1295142
8318297906Qin unifies China221143
8318299881Han Dynasty206-220144
8318303239Kamakura Shogunate1185-1333145
8318305202End of Ming, Beginning of Qing1644146
8318308084Tokugawa1600-1868147
8318310540Song Dynasty960-1279148
8318313041Tang Dynasty618-907149
8318314655Zheng He Ming voyages1405-1433150
83183172951368-1644Ming Dynasty151
8318319372Genghis Khan begins conquest1206152
8318321449Heian Dynasty (Japan794-1185153
8318325214Yuan Dynasty (Mongol)1271-1368154
8318331041Annam, Champa600-1500155
8318335739Battle of Lepanto1571156
8318337959Abbasid Caliphate750157
8318340043Beginnings of the Iron Age1300 BCE158
8318342409Beginnings of the Bronze Age3000159
8318355369Hammurabi's code1800160
8318358274beginnings of the Persian Empire550161
8318360540Safavid Empire1501162
8318362880Timurid Empire1405163
8318364420city of Constantinople renamed Istanbul1453164
8318372419Pope Urban II start the first Crusade1095165
8318376300Umayyad Caliphate discovered661166
8318378453revolt in the Ottoman Empire1590167
8318380487Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Empire1071168
8318381803beginnings of agriculture in the fertile crescent8000169
8318382822Islam founded622170
8318384249construction of King Solomon's Temple1000171
8318384250Mongols sack Baghdad1258172
8318392777Indus River Valley1900173
8318394110Vedic Age1500174
8318395504Mughal Empire in India1526-1857175
8318397382Delhi Sultanate1206-1536176
8318400375Gupta Dynasty320-550177
8318407539Mauryan Dynasty324-184178
8318408921Death of Buddha483179
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