AP language Flashcards

10690793498	authority	A reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge.	0
10690793499	audience	One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.	1
10690793500	Backing	Support or evidence for a claim in an argument	2
10690793501	assertion	a declaration or statement	3
10690793502	Means vs. Ends	Means are motivational only because they produce something else, whereas ends are self-motivating goals desired for no reason other than that is what a person wants. The balance of means goals and end goals can be used to theorize on what we do and why	4
10690793503	deductive reasoning	reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)	5
10690793504	inductive reasoning	A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.	6
10690793505	Alliteration	Repetition of initial consonant sounds	7
10690793506	tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character.	8
10690793507	Diction	A writer's or speaker's choice of words	9
10690793508	Denotation	the literal meaning of a word	10
10690793509	Connotation	an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.	11
10690793510	colloquial	Characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing	12
10690793511	formal	following rules or customs, often in an exact and proper way	13
10690793512	informal	having a relaxed, friendly, or unofficial style, manner, or nature. not formal	14
10690793513	concrete	existing in a material or physical form; real or solid	15
10690793514	abstract	theoretical; not concrete; nonrepresentational	16
10690793515	detail	Facts revealed by the author or speaker that support the attitude or tone in the work	17
10690793516	mood	Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader	18
10690793517	Imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)	19
10690793518	Setting	The context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs.	20
10690793519	figurtive language	writing or speech that is not meant to be taken literally	21
10690793520	Allusion	A reference to another work of literature, person, or event	22
10690793521	Simile	A comparison using "like" or "as"	23
10690793522	Metaphor	a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.	24
10690793523	Personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	25
10690793524	Hyperbole	exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.	26
10690793525	Understatement	the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.	27
10690793526	Paradox	A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.	28
10690793527	verbal irony	A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant	29
10690793528	Analogy	A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way	30
10690793529	anecdote	A brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event.	31
10690793530	Metonymy	A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	32
10690793531	Synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	33
10690793532	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	34
10690793533	Euphemism	An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant	35
10690793534	rhetorical modes (modes of discourse)	The variety, conventions, and purposes of the major kinds of writing: exposition, argumentation, description, narration.	36
10690793535	Exemplification	Providing examples in service of a point.	37
10690793536	cause and effect	The reason something happens and the result of it happening.	38
10690793537	description	a spoken or written representation or account of a person, object, or event	39
10690793538	Process Analysis	A method of paragraph or essay development by which a writer explains step by step how something is done or how to do something.	40
10690793539	Narration	the telling of a story in fiction, nonfiction, poetry, or drama; one of the four modes of discourse	41
10690793540	comparison and contrast	A mode of discourse in which two or more things are compared and contrasted. Comparison often refers to similarities, contrast to differences.	42
10690793541	Exposition	A narrative device, often used at the beginning of a work that provides necessary background information about the characters and their circumstances.	43
10690793542	Argumentation	writing that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasoned arguments; persuasive writing is a form of argumentation	44
10690793543	Repetition	the repeated use of the same word or word pattern as a rhetorical device	45
10690793544	point of view	the perspective from which a story is told	46
10690793545	first person	"I" and "Me" standpoint. Personal perspective.	47
10690793546	second person	The narrator tells a listener what he/she has done or said, using the personal pronoun "you." This point of view is rare.	48
10690793547	third person	Point of view in which the narrator is outside the action and refers to characters as he or she	49
10690793465	subjective	Based on personal opinions, feelings, and attitudes; not objective	50
10690793466	objective	Factual, related to reality or physical objects; not influenced by emotions, unbiased	51
10690793467	Syntax	the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language	52
10690793468	Anaphora	the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses	53
10690793469	Antithesis	the direct opposite, a sharp contrast	54
10690793470	Asyndeton	omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words	55
10690793471	Polysyndeton	Deliberate use of many conjunctions	56
10690793472	parallel sentence	a sentence that shows similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words	57
10690793473	periodic sentence	sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end	58
10690793474	rhetorical question	A question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer	59
10690793475	inverted syntax	A sentence constructed so that the predicate comes before the subject (ex: In the woods I am walking.)	60
10690793476	subordinate clause	Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause.	61
10690793477	independent clause	expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. Has both a subject and a verb.	62