AP World History Chapter 19 Flashcards

6010861186	Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Iberian society	B) Absence of slaveholding traditions	0
6010861187	How was the commercial experience of the Portuguese extended to the Americas	C) The Portuguese experience in Africa and their involvement in slave trading was extended to the Americas.	1
6010863241	Where in the Americas did the Spanish first create the models that were applied throughout their possessions in the New World	D) The Caribbean	2
6010863242	The first Spanish colony in the New World was established on	A) Hispaniola.	3
6010865109	The most important Spanish settlement in the Caribbean during the 16th century was	B) Santo Domingo	4
6010871728	The grants of Indians to individual Spaniards as a labor system were called	C) encomiendas.	5
6010871729	What group of Indians supplied agricultural labor for the Spaniards in the Caribbean	D) Taino	6
6010871730	How did Caribbean cities differ from those of Europe	A) American cities were laid out in a grid plan.	7
6010876699	The Dominican friar Bartolome´de Las Casas, a conquistador-turned-priest	B) became an ardent supporter of conversion of Indians and an advocate of Indian rights.	8
6010876700	The man responsible for the conquest of the Aztec empire in Mexico was	C) Hernan Corte´s.	9
6010882003	Which of the following statements concerning the men who conquered much of Latin America for Spain is NOT accurate	B) Leadership was based on reputation and past achievement.	10
6010882004	All of the following were advantages the Spanish enjoyed over the Indians EXCEPT	D) the failure of nomadic tribes to mount significant resistance to conquest.	11
6010882005	What accounted for the majority of the population loss suffered by Native Americans after the European arrival	C) Epidemic diseases	12
6010889565	The tremendous decline of the Indian population in Mexico was matched by the rapid increase in	B) European livestock.	13
6010889566	Which of the following Indian institutions was retained by the Spanish in Mexico and Peru to serve European administrative purposes	C) The Indian nobility	14
6010891787	Why were the encomiendas discontinued by the 1620s	A) The Spanish crown was unwilling to see the growth of a new nobility and the decline of the Indian population made them less attractive.	15
6010891788	The colonial governments replaced the labor of the encomienda with Indian labor extracted through local officials. Such forced labor was called the	B) mita.	16
6010894711	Which of the following statements most accurately describes the nature of the economy in Spanish America	B) Although the majority of people were engaged in agriculture, the whole Spanish commercial system was organized around the mining economy.	17
6010894712	The greatest silver mine in Spanish America was located at	D) Potosi´.	18
6010897592	Why was the discovery of mercury in Peru critical to the colonial economy	C) Mercury was indispensable to the extraction of silver from ore-bearing rock.	19
6010897593	Because of the switch from indigenous methods of mining to the extraction of silver through a process of amalgamation with mercury, silver production in the Americas expanded rapidly after	B) 1580.	20
6010899972	Which of the following statements concerning the agricultural system of Spanish America is NOT accurate	C) Plantation crops like sugar and later cacao were exported to Europe in sufficient quantities to exceed the value of bullion exports.	21
6010899973	Which of the following statements concerning the Spanish commercial system is most accurate	A) The merchant guild in Seville had virtual monopoly rights over goods shipped to America and handled much of the silver received in return until the 18th century	22
6010901704	The Spanish convoy system that controlled trade with the Americas was made possible by the development of	B) galleons.	23
6010901705	In what way did the importation of American bullion negatively affect the Spanish economy	D) The arrival of American treasure contributed to a sharp rise in prices and a general inflation.	24
6010904074	The Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 divided the world into spheres of influence belonging to	A) Portugal and Castile.	25
6010904075	What group of people was most critical to the bureaucratic administration of the Spanish colonies in America	C) University-trained lawyers	26
6010906363	The law code that became the basis of law in the Indies was called the	B) Recopilacion.	27
6010906364	The vice royalties of New Spain and Peru were divided into 10 judicial divisions controlled by superior courts, or	B) audiencias.	28
6010908067	The Catholic Church introduced all of the following to American life EXCEPT	C) the sense of independence from the state.	29
6010909694	What American colony became the first major plantation zone, organized to produce a tropical crop demanded in Europe	B) Brazil	30
6010911830	The first landfall in the colony of Brazil took place in 1500 under the leadership of	D) Pedro Alvares Cabral.	31
6010911831	Between 1532 and 1549, colonization in Brazil was in the hands of minor Portuguese nobles granted strips of land called	B) captaincies.	32
6010914070	By 1700, slaves comprised approximately what proportion of the Brazilian population	C) One half	33
6010915885	The Brazilian model of a plantation colony was later followed in the 18th century by other European nations in	D) the Caribbean.	34
6010915886	What was the primary difference between the Spanish and Portuguese empires	C) Unlike the Spanish empire that was almost exclusively American, the Portuguese empire included colonies and outposts in Asia and Africa as well as Brazil.	35
6010917824	What conditions undercut the position of the Brazilian sugar plantation economy	B) Competition from English, French, and Dutch plantation colonies in the Caribbean led to rising prices for slaves and falling prices for sugar.	36
6010917825	In what region was gold discovered in Brazil in 1695	C) Minas Gerais	37
6010920822	What port was associated with the discovery of gold in Brazil and subsequently became the capital of the colony	D) Rio de Janeiro	38
6010920823	What was the negative impact of the discovery of gold on Portugal	A) Portugal failed to develop internal industries because the supply of gold allowed the Portuguese to purchase manufactured goods from other European countries.	39
6010923049	What was the basis for the social hierarchy that developed in the Americas	C) Racial origins	40
6010923050	What Spanish dynasty was responsible for the series of 18th-century reforms that recast the colonial administration of the Americas	A) Bourbon	41
6010925296	The Minister of the Indies responsible for the 18th-century reforms within the Spanish empire was	D) Jose´de Ga´lvez.	42
6010925297	Which of the following statements concerning the 18th-century Spanish reforms in America is most accurate	C) The French Intendancy system was introduced but the traditional patterns of influence and power among the Creole bureaucrats was disrupted.	43
6010929053	Which of the following was NOT an impact of the Bourbon reforms on colonial economy	D) The frontiers of Spanish America became fixed	44
6010929054	The minister responsible for the 18th-century reforms in Portugal and Brazil was	B) the Marquis of Pombal.	45
6010931427	What was the impact of the 18th-century reforms on slavery in Brazil	D) Brazil remained as profoundly based on slavery in the late 18th century as it had ever been.	46
6010931428	Which of the following statements most accurately describes the state of the Portuguese and Spanish American colonies by the middle of the 18th century	C) The American colonies of Spain and Portugal were experiencing considerable growth in population and productive capacity.	47
6010933541	Who was the leader of the Indian revolution in Peru in 1781	C) Tupac Amaru	48
6010934342	What accounts for the general failure of 18th century colonial revolutions against Spanish and Portuguese rule	A) The various racial and social groups, fearful of unsettling the social hierarchy, failed to work together to unseat the colonial governments.	49