AP World History Chapter 21 Flashcards
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| 6010194367 | Which of the following was NOT one of the early modern Islamic empires? | C) Abbasid | 0 | |
| 6010197019 | Prior to the Mongol invasions of their empire, the Abbasid dynasty was dominated by | C) the Seljuk Turks. | 1 | |
| 6010197020 | The original base of the Ottoman Turks was | D) Anatolia. | 2 | |
| 6010199054 | Following the invasions of Timur, the Ottoman Empire was restored under | C) Mehmed II. | 3 | |
| 6010199055 | The Ottomans conquered Constantinople and ended the Byzantine Empire in | C) 1453. | 4 | |
| 6010210315 | Which of the following statements concerning Ottoman naval power is most accurate? | B) Powerful Ottoman galley fleets captured major island bases in the eastern Mediterranean, but were unable to prevent Western advances in the Indian Ocean. | 5 | |
| 6010210316 | The Janissaries were | C) slave troops of the Ottomans forcibly conscripted as adolescents from conquered territories. | 6 | |
| 6010212320 | What permitted the Janissaries to gain a position of prominence in the Ottoman Empire? | A) Their control of artillery and firearms gave them prominence over the aristocratic Turkish cavalry. | 7 | |
| 6010214475 | The head of the Ottoman central bureaucracy was the | A) vizier. | 8 | |
| 6010214476 | What was the principle of succession within the Ottoman Empire? | A) Like earlier Islamic dynasties, the Ottoman Empire lacked a principle of succession, a fact that led to protracted warfare among prospective successors. | 9 | |
| 6010218768 | One of the most beautiful of the Ottoman mosques of Constantinople was the | D) Su¨leymaniye. | 10 | |
| 6010218769 | What did the Ottomans do to Constantinople following its fall in 1453? | C) Soon after its conquest, the Ottoman sultan undertook the restoration and beautification of Constantinople. | 11 | |
| 6010223375 | In what way were the artisans of Constantinople similar to their counterparts in the West? | B) Like their counterparts in medieval European towns, the artisans were organized into guilds. | 12 | |
| 6010225888 | What was the chosen language of the Ottoman court? | D) Turkish | 13 | |
| 6010225889 | How did the Ottoman dynasty compare to other ruling families? | A) The Ottoman dynasty lasted for over 600 years.a feat matched by no other ruling family. | 14 | |
| 6010225890 | Which of the following was NOT a cause for the decline of the Ottoman Empire? | D) The addition of European military technology such as light artillery made the Janissaries so powerful that they could challenge the authority of the sultan. | 15 | |
| 6010230665 | On the sea, the Ottoman galleys were eclipsed by Western naval power as early as the | C) 16th century. | 16 | |
| 6010230666 | What European nation first threatened the Ottoman monopoly of trade with east Africa and India? | B) Portugal | 17 | |
| 6010232768 | Which of the following was NOT a result of the Ottoman loss of monopoly over the Indian trade? | D) Bullion caused by a negative balance of trade flowed out of the Ottoman Empire to the West. | 18 | |
| 6010232769 | Which of the following groups represented such extreme conservatism within the Ottoman Empire that reform was frustrated? | A) Janissaries | 19 | |
| 6010235103 | Which of the following represents a difference between the declines of the Abbasids and the Ottomans? | D) The Ottomans were at a much greater disadvantage as a result of the more potent threat from the West. | 20 | |
| 6010235104 | Which of the following represents a difference between the origins of the Ottomans and the Safavids? | A) The Safavids originated from a Turkish nomadic group. | 21 | |
| 6010237270 | The center of the Safavid Empire was the modern-day state of | D) Iran. | 22 | |
| 6010237271 | The Safavid dynasty had its origins in the 14th century in a family devoted to what variant of Islam? | C) Sufi | 23 | |
| 6010239136 | In what year was the first Safavid declared shah? | B) 1501 | 24 | |
| 6010239137 | Followers of the Safavids' followers were | A) Red Heads. | 25 | |
| 6010239138 | The first Safavid shah was | D) Isma'il. | 26 | |
| 6010241264 | Why was the battle of Chaldiran in 1514 so important? | B) The Safavids were dealt a devastating defeat that checked the westward advance of Shi'ism and decimated the ranks of the Turkic warriors who had built the Safavid empire. | 27 | |
| 6010241265 | The Safavid Empire reached its greatest extent under Shah | C) Isma'il. | 28 | |
| 6010241266 | What was the status of the Turkish chiefs under the Safavid shahs? | C) Like the Ottomans, the Turkish chiefs were gradually transformed into a warrior nobility with assigned villages and peasant labor. | 29 | |
| 6010243802 | After Chaldiran, the official language of the Safavid empire became | B) Persian. | 30 | |
| 6010243803 | The capital of the Safavid empire under Abbas the Great was | D) Isfahan. | 31 | |
| 6010243804 | How did the Savafid economy compare to that of the Ottomans? | B) The Ottoman Empire benefitted in the short run from non-Muslim traders (Christians and Jews) who had extensive contacts with overseas empires that the Safavid Empire lacked. | 32 | |
| 6010246497 | What led to the rapid demise of the Safavid Empire? | A) Like the Ottoman Empire, the lack of a principle of succession led Abbas the Great to eliminate all capable rivals, leaving no capable ruler following his death. | 33 | |
| 6010246498 | The immediate successor of the Safavid dynasty in Persia was | D) Nadir Khan Afshar. | 34 | |
| 6010246499 | The founder of the Mughal dynasty was | C) Babur. | 35 | |
| 6010249137 | The first Mughal emperor successfully defeated the Muslim ruler of the Lodi dynasty in 1526 at the battle of | D) Panipat. | 36 | |
| 6010249138 | Which of the following descriptions of the accomplishments of Babur is NOT accurate? | C) He reformed the ineffective Lodi bureaucracy to create a streamlined administration. | 37 | |
| 6010249194 | Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the reign of Humayan? | C) Despite the seeming stability of Babur's reign, his son Humayan was exiled by 1540 and forced to fight to restore the Mughal rule. | 38 | |
| 6010252181 | Which of the following statements concerning the reign of Akbar is NOT accurate? | D) He attempted to purify Islam by removing Hindu influences. | 39 | |
| 6010252182 | What was the critical feature of Akbar's new religion, the Din-i-Ilahi? | A) It attempted to blend elements of the many faiths with which he was familiar as a means of reconciling Hindus and Muslims. | 40 | |
| 6010255378 | What was the outcome of the Din-i-Ilahi? | D) By Akbar's death in 1605, the Din-i-Ilahi was rejected by both Muslims and Hindus. | 41 | |
| 6010258552 | Which of the following statements concerning the economy of the Mughal Empire is most accurate? | C) European traders brought products from throughout Asia to exchange for the subcontinent's famed cotton textiles. | 42 | |
| 6010258553 | What was the state of the Mughal dynasty at the outset of the reign of Aurangzeb? | D) The Mughal bureaucracy was bloated and corrupt, the army was backward in weaponry and tactics, and the peasants and artisans had seen living standards fall. | 43 | |
| 6010260975 | What was the impact of Aurangzeb's religious policies? | A) Aurangzeb's religious policies gravely weakened the internal alliances between Hindus and Muslims and disrupted the social peace that Akbar had established. | 44 | |
| 6010260976 | What was the state of the Mughal Empire following Aurangzeb's death in 1707? | C) The empire was far larger than earlier, but control and state revenues passed increasingly to regional lords who gave little more than tribute payments to the emperors. | 45 |