AP Literature Flashcards

10565627625	Four major themes	- human nature - the nature of society - human freedom - ethics	0
10565634285	Human Nature	one of the four major themes -are we good? -are we flawed? -is there hope for us? -how? why?	1
10565644643	The Nature of Society	one of the four major themes - what kind of society is represented? (life enhancing or destroying) -is there conflict with society? -character wants to escape, conform, or reform the society? -causes of this society?	2
10565663668	Human Freedom	one of the four major themes -are the charaters free? -is there a higher power? -does environment or social class dictate life? -what is freedom? -is life random or is there a grand scheme?	3
10565678562	Ethics	one of the four major themes -what are the moral conflicts in the story? -are wrong and right defined or subjective? -is one of these conflicts present: Right vs. Wrong, Right vs Right, Wrong vs Right, or Wrong vs Wrong?	4
10565696246	Sign	an object/picture/word which signifies something other than itself (has no deeper meaning than to represent)	5
10565704293	Symbol	an object/place/character/event that represents something other than itself -built upon cultural/archetypal associations -meaning supported by context -readers/writers has control associations -some have multiple meanings -must be established in work	6
10565729373	Symbols can be found in...	-title of work -character names -recurring motifs -objects may carry weight significance -places/events -connotation	7
10565741400	Archetypes	a symbol that transcends time and culture	8
10565745195	Collective Unconscious	-hypothesized by Carl Jung -"a reservoir of the experience of our species" -humans have common expirances creating common images -similar to instincts but physiological	9
10565774295	Archetypes appear in...	-myth/legend/fairy tale -dreams -visual art -literature -religion -movies	10
10565783200	Archetypes in Literature	-images (tree) -theme (loss of innocence) -symbol (a circle) -characters (wise man/woman) -plot pattern (hero cycle) -setting (eden)	11
10565800351	Paths	archetypal setting representing journey of life	12
10565804667	Cross roads	Archetypal setting representing decisions, realizations, or a change on course	13
10565812785	Oceans/Space	Archetypal setting representing the unknown	14
10565821177	Maze	Archetypal setting representing uncertainty (may contain a monster representing one's dark side)	15
10565828680	Threshold	Archetypal setting representing a gateway to a new world or change	16
10565837786	The Underworld	Archetypal setting representing death, projection of subconscious (ascent from underworld=rebirth/knowledge)	17
10565846569	Fog	Archetypal setting representing uncertainty	18
10565850650	Bridge	Archetypal setting representing that if it is crossed there may be no turning back	19
10565856526	Forest	Archetypal setting representing subconscious fear and hope	20
10585346290	Tower	Archetypal setting representing isolation from the world	21
10585348856	Fire	Archetypal object representing creation/destruction	22
10585356825	Archetypal settings	-paths -crossroads -oceans/space -the maze -threshold -underworld -fog -bridge -forest -tower	23
10585365949	Ice	archetypal object representing death or lack of emotion	24
10585371273	Tailsman	archetypal object representing a charm used for protection	25
10585373742	Water	archetypal object representing birth,rebirth, and baptism	26
10585378928	Archetypal Characters	-hero -anti hero -gothic hero -outcast -scap goat -unbalanced hero -the other -the mentor -the shadow -damsel in distress	27
10585378929	Hero	hero cycle	28
10585382920	anti-hero	opposes norms of society	29
10585384747	scapgoat	hero that suffers for others	30
10585387964	gothic hero	hero with a dark side	31
10585389794	unbalanced hero	mentally unstable hero	32
10585391422	the other	unable to fit into society	33
10585393257	the mentor	wiser teacher/animal	34
10585394606	the shadow	darker opposite of hero	35
10585398573	the outcast	banished and destined to wander	36
10585400529	damsel in distress	vulnerable woman who needs to be rescued (somethimes a trap)	37
10585405722	Archetypal Journey	the quest for... -identity -promise land -vengeance -protection for ones people -love -knowledge the fools errand the grail quest (human perfection)	38
10585504872	Poetry	literary expression characterized by particular attention to rhythm, sound and the concentrated, concrete, use of language	39
10585513165	narrative poem	tells a story -Ballad -Epic	40
10585517017	Ballad	song-like poem that tells a story	41
10585520088	Epic	poem that tells a story where the hero embodies the values of a culture	42
10585524285	Dramatic poem	makes use of the conventions of drama -dramatic monologue -dramatic dialogue	43
10585532906	Dramatic monologue	imaginary characters speaks to listener (soliloquy)	44
10585536795	Dramatic Dialogue	two speakers converse with each other	45
10585538845	Lyric Poem	a melodic poem that expresses the observations and feelings of a single speaker and focuses on a single unified effect -The Elegy -The ode -Sonnet	46
10585549667	The Ode	-a long, formal lyric poem that treats noble/elevated subject in a dignified manner -often honors people, commemorates events, responds to nature, considers the aspect of human condition	47
10585546279	The Elegy	a reflective poem that laments the loss of something or someone	48
10585561627	Sonnet	-"little Song" -14 lines with traditional rhyme schemes -love is most common theme	49
10585586027	Plot	the pattern that results from the events in the story and the order in which they are presented	50
10585591697	traditional plot structure	1. exposition 2. Conflict 3. rising action 4. climax 5. falling action 6. denouement	51
10585597933	Exposition	-intro to characters/setting -the status quo +the state of things +character relationships +society +conflicts -by the end the status quo is restored or a new one is in place	52
10585616017	Conflict	-most plots involve conflicts (internal or external) as the characters participate in actions -External: Person v. Person, Person v. Environment, Person v. Society, Person v. Supernatural -Internal: Person v. Themselves	53
10585635560	Rising action	-may increase tension -may contain complications to initial conflict -introduce minor conflicts	54
10585641868	Climax/Epiphany	- highest point of tension - protagonist makes decision for better or worse	55
10585645358	Falling Action	- release of tension -elements become inevitable for better or worse	56
10585649120	Denouement	-how the story ends -into to new status quo or old one in renewed	57
10588777959	Characterization	the creation and development of a fictional character.	58
10588780252	Fictional Characters are Developed through...	-description -thoughts -actions -direct statements from author -speeches -opinions voiced by other characters	59
10588785849	Two Ways to Characterize	-direct characterization -indirect charaterization	60
10588787018	direct characterization	the author directly tells the reader about the character	61
10588788482	indirect characterization	the author shows rather than tells about the character though: -external descriptions (looks) -internal descriptions (thought, speech) -other character opinions	62
10588794401	Character types	-round -flat -static -dynamic	63
10588799442	round character	a complex character	64
10588799870	flat character	a stereotypical character	65
10588800784	static character	a characters who does not change through the course of the story	66
10588802254	dynamic character	a character who changes because of events in the story	67
10588805181	foil	a character in literature who shares similarities with another character but is different in a way that highlights aspects of the other character (always secondary character)	68
10588808638	Protagonist	main character of narrative who tries to achieve some desire throughout the narrative	69
10588810541	Antagonist	the character who works against the protagonist in the story	70
10588811240	Character Arc	change of a character of the course of a story (x= progression of story y= change of character)	71
10588816613	Motif	A recurring theme, subject or idea in a work of art	72
10588818062	Stanza	A group of lines in a poem	73
10588818621	Enjambment	the continuation of the sense and grammatical construction from one line of poetry to the next	74
10588820085	Poetic Shift	within poetry, a dramatic change in the speaker's thoughts, tone, and/or message	75
10588821139	concrete poetry	poetry that is visually arranged to represent a topic	76
10635034944	metaphysical conceit	a complex comparison between two highly dissimilar things (startling comparison)	77
10635071527	reasons for hero cycle	- historical undertaking - spiritual/religion - emptiness inside - horizon is too narrow	78
10635084496	how the hero cycle starts	-carrier or destiny -great tree -wise woman/man/animal	79
10635051884	departure (hero cycle)	when the hero ventures forth from the world of the common day into a region of supernatural wonder	80
10635091763	Initiation (Hero cycle)	cycle inside cycle 1. challenge 2. flight 3. appearance of helper (leaves after hero is strong) 4. growth/prize	81
10635144078	return (hero cycle)	the hero comes back from his journey with the power to bestow boons on his/her fellow man	82
10635167178	end-stopped line	A line that ends with a natural speech pause, usually marked by punctuation	83
10635176528	Line groupings	couplet-AA tercet-ABA quatrain-ABAB sestet-ABCABC octave-ABCDABCD	84
10635196973	Scansion	Describing the rhythms of poetry by dividing the lines into feet, marking the locations of stressed and unstressed syllables, and counting the syllables	85
10635205531	foot	a specific pattern of stressed/unstressed syllables	86
10635209343	blank verse	un-rhymed iambic pentameter	87
10635213560	rhythm	Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry	88
10635219644	meter	the number of feet in a line	89
10635230016	Caesura	A natural pause or break in a line of poetry, usually near the middle of the line	90
10635232754	unstressed syllable	U	91
10635232755	stressed syllable	/	92
10635237604	rhyme scheme	the pattern of rhyme in a poem (letters represent sound)	93
10680943150	act	a major decision in a play -change in character, setting, time period -can break up play according to plot structure	94
10680954560	scene	a minor division in a play -not broken up by plot structure	95
10680966623	Soliloquy	A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage	96
10680966624	aside	a remark or passage by a character in a play that is intended to be heard by the audience but unheard by the other characters in the play (a glimpse into the characters thoughts)	97
11027703560	Setting: Sensuous	a description of a physical place by using any of the five senses	98
11027744591	Setting: Chronology	-timer period (historically) -time of the narrative (historicall)	99
11027744592	Setting: Societal	the manners, customs, culture, and moral values that govern the historical time	100
11027749992	Setting: Emotional	Normally created by the sensuous world of the piece of fiction. The emotional reaction the reader and the character have to the setting.	101
11027757074	Point of View (POV)	the vantage point from which the author chooses to tell the story	102
11027757076	Setting	The background against which the story takes place.	103
11027875983	Chronological Arrangement	A= beginning Z=end A-Z Z-A-Y M-Z A-M G-R	104
11051063533	Human Condition	the characteristics, key events, and situations which compose the essentials of human existence, such as birth, growth, emotionality, aspiration, conflict, and mortality	105
11051091406	5 branches of philosophy	-Metaphysics -Epistemology -Ethics -Politics -Aesthetics	106
11051094134	Metaphysics	study of existence	107
11051098550	Epistemology	-how do we know about existence? -epistemological crisis: we don't have a valid view of the universe so how can we make decisions?	108
11051118870	Ethics	-how do we act in existence? -existential crisis: philosophy of hot to act in realist	109
11051132637	Politics	ethics applied to a group of people	110
11051138151	Aesthetics	-study of beauty and art -does beauty/art have a specific nature?, does it need to accomplish a goal?	111
11051155217	Enlightenment vs. Romanticism	Enlightenment: -the mirror -observation -intellect -the world/nature is meant to be studied and known Romanticism: -the lamp -imagination -emotions -the world/nature is meant to be expiranced	112
11051184186	Metaphor	A comparison without using like or as	113
11051184187	Similie	A comparison using "like" or "as"	114
11051188233	Metonym	A word that is used to stand for something else that it has attributes of or is associated with.	115
11051188234	Synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	116
11051190635	Hyperbole	exaggeration	117
11051192919	Understatment	the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.	118
11051199734	Personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	119
11051199735	synesthasia	using one sense to describe another, for example "I could taste the color orange"; or "smelling the sound of the ocean waves"	120
11051204161	Conceit	a fanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor (comparison)	121
11051207240	metaphysical conceit	A type of simile which establishes a striking parallel between startlingly dissimilar things.	122
11090948768	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	123
11090948769	Tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	124
11090955094	iambic pentameter	a poetic meter that is made up of 5 stressed syllables each followed by an unstressed syllable	125
11090959571	Rhyme	Repetition of sounds at the end of words	126
11090962319	deus ex machina	In literature, the use of an artificial device or gimmick to solve a problem.	127
11090967864	Bildungsroman	a novel dealing with one person's formative years or spiritual education.	128
11090967865	Tragedy	A serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character	129
11090970377	myth	A traditional story about gods, ancestors, or heroes, told to explain the natural world or the customs and beliefs of a society.	130
11090974015	Literary Atmosphere	The emotional nod created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described. Even such elements as a description of the weather can contribute to it. Frequently it foreshadows events. Perhaps it can create a mood.	131