AP World History Chapter 22 Flashcards

6010357606	The ultimate task of all the explorations launched by the Europeans from the 14th century onward was	A) finding a sea link between Europe and the wealthy civilizations of Asia.	0
6010357607	All of the following were sources of disappointment to the Europeans who arrived in Asia in the 16th and 17th centuries EXCEPT	C) Asian civilization seemed materially impoverished.	1
6010361021	Whose voyages of exploration opened the way for the Europeans to the Indies?	B) Vasco da Gama	2
6010361022	Despite their armaments, what factor convinced the Europeans that they could make little headway against the kingdoms of Asia?	D) Large populations of Asian kingdoms	3
6010363244	What was the Portuguese lesson learned at Calicut?	C) Western products brought for trade were of little or no value.	4
6010370936	What was the initial Portuguese response to the encounter at Calicut?	D) They applied military force to obtain desired Asian products.	5
6010370937	What peoples had preceded the Portuguese in entering the markets of south and Southeast Asia?	B) Muslims	6
6010373617	Which of the following products was associated with the Arab zone of the Asian sea trading network?	A) Glass	7
6010373618	Which of the following products was associated with the Indian zone of the Asian sea trading network?	B) Cotton textiles	8
6010375185	Which of the following products was NOT one of the products associated with the Indian zone of the Asian sea trading network?	E) Porcelain	9
6010375186	What was the significance of the mainland kingdoms and island states of Southeast Asia that surrounded the three great manufacturing zones of the Asian sea trading network?	B) These regions fed raw materials precious metals and forest products into the trading network.	10
6010377279	What raw materials were the most highly valued exports in the Asian sea trading network for the Europeans?	C) Spices	11
6010377280	Which of the following items was more likely to be exchanged within the ports of each of the main trading zone rather than over greater distances between zones?	A) Rice	12
6010379695	What was the nature of the sea routes in the Asian trading network?	B) Most of the navigation consisted of sailing along the coastlines and avoiding open seas.	13
6010379696	Which of the following was one of the crucial points in the Asian sea trading network where trade converged?	C) The straits of Malacca	14
6010379697	Which of the following statements most accurately describes the nature of the Asian sea trading network?	C) There was no central control, and force was usually absent from commercial exchanges.	15
6010382585	Why were the Portuguese unwilling to exchange bullion for products within the Asian commercial system?	A) The doctrine of mercantilism equated possession of bullion with power and argued against negative trade balances.	16
6010382586	Why did the Portuguese believe they could successfully enter the Asian sea trading by force?	D) The Portuguese had fewer ships, but they were more maneuverable and better armed than those of their Asian opponents.	17
6010382629	The Portuguese won a major sea battle over a combined fleet of Egyptian and Indian vessels in 1509 at	B) Diu.	18
6010386844	Which of the following was NOT a fortified trading port established by the Portuguese in the early 16th century?	A) Batavia	19
6010386845	What trade did the Portuguese intend to monopolize within the Asian trading network?	C) Spices	20
6010390159	How successful was the Portuguese monopoly on Asian products?	B) Though they managed to monopolize some spices grown in limited locales, the Portuguese lacked the manpower and ships to sustain a monopoly.	21
6010390160	Who succeeded the Portuguese as the most successful European entrant into the Asian sea trading network?	D) Holland	22
6010390161	Where was the chief Dutch trading fortress and port in Southeast Asia?	C) Batavia	23
6010392412	How did the Dutch commercial strategy within the Asian trade network differ from that of the Portuguese?	C) The Dutch were more systematic in their monopoly control of a limited number of specific spices.	24
6010392413	In what way did the Dutch and English participation within the Asian sea trading network change by the middle decades of the 17th century?	A) For both the Dutch and the English, peaceful commerce came to be more profitable than forcible control and monopolies were aimed at European rather than Asian rivals.	25
6010394565	What area of the Philippines were the Spanish NOT able to conquer?	D) Mindanao	26
6010394566	Among which of the following groups did Roman Catholic missionaries enjoy some success?	D) Outcaste groups in Indian coastal regions	27
6010396527	What Jesuit missionary was responsible for creating the strategy of converting Hindu elites as a means of achieving mass conversions?	B) Robert di Nobili	28
6010396528	In what sense was the Spanish conversion of the Filipinos similar to their experience in the Americas?	C) Like the Amerindians, the Filipinos' brand of Christianity represented a creative blend of earlier beliefs and practices with Christianity.	29
6010401248	Which of the following was NOT a European contribution to the Asian sea trading network?	D) The establishment of an exchange of new crops and diseases similar to the "Columbian Exchange" with the Americas	30
6010401249	The first Ming emperor of China was	B) Hongwu.	31
6010401250	Which of the following reforms was NOT introduced by the first Ming emperor?	C) Family influence in the selection of men to the Chinese bureaucracy was eliminated.	32
6010405929	Which of the following was a reform instituted by the first Ming emperor to reduce court factionalism and the power of the scholar-gentry?	B) Corrupt or incompetent members of the bureaucracy were punished by being beaten on the bare buttocks.	33
6010405930	Which of the following statements concerning Ming reforms in favor of the peasantry is most accurate?	C) Despite some attempts to improve economic conditions for the peasantry, the growing power of the rural landlords led to increased tenancy and landless laborers.	34
6010409345	Which of the following statements concerning Ming social organization is most accurate?	D) Under the continued influence of neo-Confucian ideology, Ming society remained rigidly stratified with emphasis on deference of youth to elders and women to men.	35
6010411549	Which of the following reasons is at least in part responsible for the peopling of the Yangtzi region in the southern part of China during the Ming era?	A) The introduction of crops from the Americas that could be cultivated on inferior soils and did not require irrigation	36
6010411550	Where were foreigners permitted to do business in China during the Ming era?	C) At Macao and Canton	37
6010411551	Which of the following statements concerning the Ming economy is most accurate?	D) Much merchant wealth was invested in land as a means of social advancement.	38
6010414423	In terms of literature, what was the chief accomplishment of the Ming era?	C) The novel	39
6010414424	During the reign of what Ming emperor did the Chinese launch commercial expeditions to Southeast Asia, Persia, and Africa?	B) Yunglo	40
6010418703	Why did the Chinese abandon the commercial voyages of the Zhenghe expeditions?	C) There was little of value for the Chinese to import in trade, and the voyages were expensive to carry out.	41
6010418704	In what way did the Jesuit missionaries maintain their positions at the court of the Ming emperors?	D) By demonstrating knowledge of scientific and technological skills	42
6010420494	What group successfully asserted its control over China following the collapse of the Ming dynasty?	C) The Jurchens or Manchus	43
6010420495	Which of the following was the first of the three military centralizers of Japan starting in the 16th century?	A) Nobunaga	44
6010422794	In what year was the Tokugawa shogunate founded, marking the reestablishment of central government in Japan?	B) 1603	45
6010422795	Why did the earliest of the Japanese military centralizers accept Christian missionaries?	C) Christianity was seen as a counterforce to the Buddhist orders that opposed the imposition of central rule.	46
6010423428	Which of the following was NOT a policy imposed as a result of Japanese isolation in the 17th century?	D) The Japanese elite abandoned all contact with Western learning and technological advance.	47