AP World History Chapter 22 Flashcards

8042597132	When the Portuguese arrived in India in 1498, they	found they had little to offer in trade, but could get rich by using force.	0
8042597133	The periphery of the Indian Ocean trading network around 1500, specifically Africa, Southeast Asia, and Japan, furnished what items to the network?	mainly raw materials	1
8042597134	The highest prices in the Asian network were paid for	spices	2
8042597135	The largest portion of Asian trade by volume in the Early Modern Era was the trade in	bulk items, usually foodstuffs, exchanged within each of the main zones.	3
8042597136	Rather than try to control trade in the Indian Ocean as had Portugal, the Dutch	attempted to monopolize the spice trade from the East Indies.	4
8042597137	Europeans learned that the greatest trading profits in Asia could be made by	peaceful cooperation with and integration into existing Asian trade networks.	5
8042597138	Europeans learned that the most successful missionary work in Asia occurred by	converting areas that had not been converted to Islam	6
8042597139	Following the defeat and expulsion of the Mongols from China,	the Ming Dynasty arose.	7
8042597140	The first Ming emperors of China attempted to end all of these abuses EXCEPT:	the influence of the scholar-gentry	8
8042597141	In the 17th century, the Japanese dealt with the long-term European challenge by	self-imposed isolation and forbidding most contact with Europeans.	9
8042597142	Where was the chief Dutch trading fortress and port in southeast Asia? Select one:	Batavia	10
8042597143	Despite their armaments, what factor convinced the Europeans that they could make little headway against the kingdoms of Asia? Select one:	Large populations of Asian kingdoms	11
8042597144	What Jesuit missionary was responsible for creating the strategy of converting Hindu elites as a means of achieving mass conversions? Select one:	Robert di Nobili	12
8042597145	Which of the following was one of the crucial points in the Asian sea trading network where trade converged? Select one:	The straits of Malacca	13
8042597146	What trade did the Portuguese intend to monopolize within the Asian trading network? Select one:	Spices	14
8042597147	Whose voyages of exploration opened the way for the Europeans to the Indies? Select one:	Vasco da Gama	15
8042597148	Which of the following was the first of the three military centralizers of Japan starting in the 16th century? Select one:	e. Oda Nobunaga	16
8042597149	Why were the Portuguese unwilling to exchange bullion for products within the Asian commercial system? Select one:	The doctrine of mercantilism equated possession of bullion with power and argued against negative trade balances.	17
8042597150	In what way did the Dutch and English participation within the Asian sea trading network change by the middle decades of the 17th century? Select one:	For both the Dutch and the English, peaceful commerce came to be more profitable than forcible control and monopolies were aimed at European rather than Asian rivals.	18
8042597151	The ultimate task of all the explorations launched by the Europeans from the 14th century onward was Select one:	finding a sea link between Europe and the wealthy civilizations of Asia.	19
8042597152	Which of the following was NOT a European contribution to the Asian sea trading network? Select one:	The establishment of an exchange of new crops and diseases similar to the "Columbian Exchange" with the Americas	20
8042597153	Which of the following was NOT a policy imposed as a result of Japanese isolation in the 17th century? Select one:	The Japanese elite abandoned all contact with Western learning and technological advance.	21
8042597154	In what way did the Jesuit missionaries maintain their positions at the court of the Ming emperors? Select one:	By demonstrating knowledge of scientific and technological skills	22
8042597155	Which of the following products was associated with the Indian zone of the Asian sea trading network? Select one:	Cotton textiles	23
8042597156	Which of the following reforms was NOT introduced by the first Ming emperor? Select one:	Family influence in the selection of men to the Chinese bureaucracy was eliminated.	24
8042597157	In what sense was the Spanish conversion of the Filipinos similar to their experience in the Americas? Select one:	Like the Amerindians, the Filipinos' brand of Christianity represented a creative blend of earlier beliefs and practices with Christianity.	25
8042597158	Which of the following products was NOT one of the products associated with the Indian zone of the Asian sea trading network? Select one:	Porcelain	26
8042597160	Why did the Chinese abandon the commercial voyages of the Zheng He expeditions? Select one: a. There was little of value for the Chinese to import in trade, and the voyages were expensive to carry out. b. Chinese commerce was not competitive enough due to competition from the Europeans. c. The size of the fleets was so limited that they could not compete with the greater capacity of the European voyages. d. Many of the ships were lost as a result of poor ship design and inadequate sailing technology. e. The trade with foreign regions produced a negative balance of trade for China that drained bullion from imperial coffers.	a	27
8042597159	In what year was the Tokugawa shogunate founded, marking the reestablishment of central government in Japan? Select one:	1603	28
8042597161	Why did the earliest of the Japanese military centralizers accept Christian missionaries? Select one:	Christianity was seen as a counterforce to the Buddhist orders that opposed the imposition of central rule.	29
8042597162	In terms of literature, what was the chief accomplishment of the Ming era? Select one:	The novel	30
8042597163	What was the initial Portuguese response to the encounter at Calicut? Select one:	They applied military force to obtain desired Asian products.	31
8042597164	All of the following were sources of disappointment to the Europeans who arrived in Asia in the 16th and 17th centuries EXCEPT Select one:	Asian civilization seemed materially impoverished	32
8042597165	What peoples had preceded the Portuguese in entering the markets of south and southeast Asia? Select one:	Muslims	33
8042597166	What raw materials were the most highly valued exports in the Asian sea trading network for the Europeans? Select one:	Spices	34
8042597167	What group successfully asserted its control over China following the collapse of the Ming dynasty? Select one:	The Jurchens or Manchus	35
8042597168	Which of the following was a reform instituted by the first Ming emperor to reduce court factionalism and the power of the scholar-gentry? Select one:	Corrupt or incompetent members of the bureaucracy were punished by being beaten on the bare buttocks.	36
8042597169	Which of the following reasons is at least in part responsible for the peopling of the Yangtzi region in the southern part of China during the Ming era? Select one:	The introduction of crops from the Americas that could be cultivated on inferior soils and did not require irrigation	37
8042597170	Which of the following statements concerning Ming social organization is most accurate? Select one:	Under the continued influence of neo-Confucian ideology, Ming society remained rigidly stratified with emphasis on deference of youth to elders and women to men.	38
8042597171	What area of the Philippines were the Spanish NOT able to conquer? Select one:	Mindanao	39
8042597172	Where were foreigners permitted to do business in China during the Ming era? Select one:	At Macao and Canton	40
8042597173	The Portuguese won a major sea battle over a combined fleet of Egyptian and Indian vessels in 1509 at Select one:	Diu.	41
8042597174	What was the Portuguese lesson learned at Calicut? Select one:	Western products brought for trade were of little or no value.	42
8042597175	Which of the following items was more likely to be exchanged within the ports of each of the main trading zone rather than over greater distances between zones? Select one:	Rice	43
8042597176	How successful was the Portuguese monopoly on Asian products? Select one:	Though they managed to monopolize some spices grown in limited locales, the Portuguese lacked the manpower and ships to sustain a monopoly.	44
8042597177	During the reign of what Ming emperor did the Chinese launch commercial expeditions to southeast Asia, Persia, and Africa? Select one:	Yungle	45
8042597178	What was the significance of the mainland kingdoms and island states of southeast Asia that surrounded the three great manufacturing zones of the Asian sea trading network? Select one:	These regions fed raw materials—precious metals and forest products—into the trading network.	46
8042597179	Which of the following statements concerning the Ming economy is most accurate? Select one:	Much merchant wealth was invested in land as a means of social advancement.	47
8042597180	Who succeeded the Portuguese as the most successful European entrant into the Asian sea trading network? Select one:	Holland	48
8042597181	Which of the following was NOT a fortified trading port established by the Portuguese in the early 16th century? Select one:	Batavia	49
8042597182	Which of the following statements most accurately describes the nature of the Asian sea trading network? Select one:	There was no central control, and force was usually absent from commercial exchanges.	50
8042597183	What was the nature of the sea routes in the Asian trading network? Select one:	Most of the navigation consisted of sailing along the coastlines and avoiding open seas.	51
8042597184	How did the Dutch commercial strategy within the Asian trade network differ from that of the Portuguese? Select one:	The Dutch were more systematic in their monopoly control of a limited number of specific spices.	52
8042597185	Which of the following statements concerning Ming reforms in favor of the peasantry is most accurate? Select one:	Despite some attempts to improve economic conditions for the peasantry, the growing power of the rural landlords led to increased tenancy and landless laborers.	53
8042597186	Why did the Portuguese believe they could successfully enter the Asian sea trading by force? Select one:	Portuguese ships were more maneuverable and better armed than those of their Asian opponents.	54
8042597187	Which of the following products was associated with the Arab zone of the Asian sea trading network? Select one:	Glass	55
8042597188	The first Ming emperor of China was Select one:	Hongwu.	56
8042597189	Among which of the following groups did Roman Catholic missionaries enjoy some success? Select one:	Outcaste groups in Indian coastal regions	57