AP World History Chapter 21 Flashcards

11778276242	Ivan III (the Great)	Prince of the Duchy of Moscow; responsible for freeing Russia from the Mongols; took the title of tsar (caesar).	0
11778276243	Ivan IV (the Terrible)	Confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking the authority of the boyars; continued policy of expansion; established contacts with western European commerce and culture.	1
11778276244	Cossacks	Peasant-adventurers with agricultural and military skills, recruited to conquer and settle in newly seized lands in southern Russia and Siberia.	2
11778276245	Time of Troubles	Early 17th-century period of boyar efforts to regain power and foreign invasion following the death of Ivan IV, who died without an heir; ended with the selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613.	3
11778276246	Romanov Dynasty	Ruled Russia from 1613 to 1917.	4
11778276247	Alexis Romanov	Second Romanov ruler; abolished assemblies of nobles; gained new powers over the Orthodox church.	5
11778276248	Old Believers	Conservative Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov; many were exiled to southern Russia or Siberia.	6
11778276249	Peter I (the Great)	Tsar from 1689 to 1725; continued growth of absolutism and conquest; sought to change selected aspects of the economy and culture through imitation of western European models.	7
11778276250	Catherine the Great	German-born Russian tsarina; combined selective receptivity to Enlightenment ideas with strong centralizing policies; converted the nobility to a service aristocracy by granting them new power over the peasantry.	8
11778276251	Pugachev Rebellion	Unsuccessful peasant uprising led by Cossack Emelyan Pugachev during the 1770s; typical of peasant unrest during the 18th century and thereafter.	9
11778276252	Partition of Poland	Three separate divisions of Polish territory between Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795; eliminated Poland as an independent state.	10
11778276253	Peter III	Inept husband of Catherine the Great who was found murdered opening the door for Catherine's rule.	11