AP Language Terms (Summer Assignment) Flashcards
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| 7239533251 | Rhetoric | the art of designing ways of persuading an audience | 0 | |
| 7239535528 | Aristotelian/Rhetorical Triangle | a diagram illustrating the inter-relationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text | 1 | |
| 7239537571 | Speaker | the person or group who creates a text | 2 | |
| 7239540557 | Subject | the topic of a text | 3 | |
| 7239541586 | Audience | the listener, viewer, or reader of a text | 4 | |
| 7239544024 | Rhetorical Appeals | rhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling | 5 | |
| 7239546974 | three main rhetorical appeals | ethos; logos; pathos | 6 | |
| 7239547979 | Ethos | Greek for "character" | 7 | |
| 7239555168 | Why do speakers appeal to ethos? | to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic | 8 | |
| 7239561002 | Ethos is established by both ________ and _________. | who you are; what you say | 9 | |
| 7239562299 | Pathos | Greek for "suffering" or "experience" | 10 | |
| 7239567110 | Why do speakers appeal to pathos? | to emotionally motivate their audience | 11 | |
| 7239569046 | Logos | Greek for "embodied thought" | 12 | |
| 7239570790 | How do speakers appeal to logos/reason | by offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up | 13 | |
| 7239578312 | Rhetorical Situation | the circumstances under which the rhetor ( the person who is writing/speaking persuasively) writes or speaks | 14 | |
| 7239815964 | Types of rhetorical situations | subject; occasion; audience; purpose; speaker | 15 | |
| 7239818689 | Occasion (Rhetorical Situation) | the exigence (need/pressure/catalyst) that impels the writer to enter the conversation; The general state of the world outside the more specific context of the issue at hand | 16 | |
| 7239820852 | Audience (Rhetorical Situation) | the nature and disposition of the audience | 17 | |
| 7239827187 | Purpose (Rhetorical Situation) | the writer's goal or purpose | 18 | |
| 7239934511 | Speaker (Rhetorical Situation) | the person speaking to the audience in the text | 19 | |
| 7239944196 | inventio- invention (rhetorical canon) | the process of developing and refining arguments; finding ways to persuade | 20 | |
| 7239982873 | dispositio- arrangement (rhetorical canon) | the process of arranging and organizing arguments for maximum impact; putting together the structure of a coherent argument | 21 | |
| 7239990482 | elocutio- style (rhetorical canon) | the process of determining how to present arguments using figures of speech and other rhetorical techniques | 22 | |
| 7239995360 | memoria- memory (rhetorical canon) | the process of learning and memorizing a speech to be able to deliver it without the use of notes | 23 | |
| 7240006417 | actio- delivery (rhetorical canon) | the process of practicing how to deliver a speech using gestures, pronunciation, and tone of voice | 24 | |
| 7240045567 | 5 Rhetorical Canons | inventio; dispositio; elocutio; memoria; actio | 25 | |
| 7240013930 | Argument | a process of reasoned inquiry; a persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion | 26 | |
| 7240019935 | Claim | states the argument's main idea or position; must be arguable | 27 | |
| 7240026315 | Other terms for claim | assertion; proposition | 28 | |
| 7240028032 | Claim of Policy | proposes a change | 29 | |
| 7240029350 | Claim of Value | argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong | 30 | |
| 7240031479 | Counterargument | an opposing argument to the one the writer is bringing forward; strong writers address these through the process of concession and refutation | 31 | |
| 7240035635 | Concession | an acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable; is usually accompanied by a refutation challenging the validity of the opposing argument in a strong argument | 32 | |
| 7240047958 | The Classical Oration | the five-part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians | 33 | |
| 7240054592 | Five parts of the classical oration | introduction; narration; confirmation; refutation; conclusion | 34 | |
| 7240060467 | Introduction/exordium (classical oration) | introduces the reader to the subject under discussion | 35 | |
| 7240062630 | Narration (classical oration) | provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing | 36 | |
| 7240066663 | Confirmation/confirmatio (classical oration) | usually the major part of the text; includes the proof needed to make the writer's case | 37 | |
| 7240072444 | Refutation/refutatio (classical oration) | addresses the counterargument; bridge between the writer's proof and conclusion; denies the validity of an opposing argument; often follows a concession that acknowledges an opposing argument may be true or reasonable | 38 | |
| 7240093038 | Conclusion/peroratio | brings the essay to a satisfying close | 39 | |
| 7240623619 | Closed Thesis | a statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the author intends to make | 40 | |
| 7240626258 | Open Thesis | a thesis that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay | 41 | |
| 7296731610 | Rogerian Argument | arguments based on the assumption that fully understanding an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively and refuting it in a way that is accommodating rather than alienating | 42 | |
| 7296782548 | Toulmin Model | an approach to analyzing and constructing arguments created by British philosopher Stephen Toulmin in his book "The Uses of Argument" | 43 | |
| 7296803310 | template for the Toulmin Model | Because (evidence as support), therefore (claim), since (warrant or assumption), on account of (backing), unless (reservation) | 44 | |
| 7296822596 | Qualifier (Toulmin Model) | uses words like "usually", "probably", "maybe", "in most cases", and "most likely to temper the claim a bit, making it less absolute; usually precedes the Reservation | 45 | |
| 7296832509 | Warrant (Toulmin Model) | expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience | 46 | |
| 7296839060 | Backing (Toulmin Model) | consists of further assurances or data without which the assumption lacks authority | 47 | |
| 7296846830 | Reservation (Toulmin Model) | explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier | 48 | |
| 7296850949 | Syllogism | an instance of a form reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed propositions, each of which shares a term with the conclusion, and shares a common or middle term not present in the conclusion | 49 | |
| 7296858593 | Enthymeme | a syllogism with one of the premises implied and taken for granted as true | 50 | |
| 7296862856 | Deduction | a logical process wherein you reach a conclusion by starting with a general premise or universal truth and applying it to a specific case; usually demonstrated in the form of a syllogism | 51 | |
| 7296869539 | Induction | from the Latin "inducere" (to lead into); a logical process wherein you reason from particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion, which is also called a generalization | 52 |