Introducing Psychology Chapter 14 Flashcards

9901318564	mental disorder	persistent disturbance or dysfunction in behavior, thoughts, or emotions that causes significant distress or impairment	0
9901332973	medical model	abnormal psychological experiences are conceptualized as illness have biological and environmental causes, defined symptoms, and possible cures	1
9901376527	Theory of physiognomy	mental disorders could be diagnosed from facial features now considered superstition (early 20th century)	2
9901389013	signs	objectively observed indicators of a disorder	3
9901391801	symptoms	subjectively reported behaviors, thoughts, and emotions	4
9901404682	disorder	refers to a common set of signs and symptoms	5
9901408024	disease	a known pathological process affecting the body	6
9901411822	diagnosis	a determination as to whether a disorder or disease is present	7
9901426214	DSM	classification system; describes features used to diagnosis each recognized mental disorder; how disorders can be distinguished from one another	8
9901438194	DSM II	first revision; provides common language for talking about disorders	9
9901442713	DSM III and DSM IV	moved from vague disorder descriptions; provides detailed list of symptoms/diagnostic criteria for more than 200 disorders; improves reliability in diagnosis of mental disorders	10
9901462092	DSM V	diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders; describes 22 major categories containing more than 200 different mental disorders	11
9901475284	comorbidity	co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual	12
9901641556	medical model of a mental disorder	suggests that knowing a person's diagnosis is useful because any given category of mental illness is likely to have a distinctive cause	13
9901657511	diathesis-stress model	a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress	14
9901671818	biological factors	genes, cells, brain circuits	15
9901677478	psychological factors	learning, attention, memory	16
9901679787	social processes	attachment, self-perception	17
9901684745	anxiety disorder	class of mental disorder in which anxiety is the predominant feature	18
9901696629	generalized anxiety disorders (GAD)	characterized by chronic excessive worry; accompanied by (≥3): restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance	19
9901751590	phobic disorders	characterized by marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations	20
9901768263	specific phobias	involves an irrational fear of a particular object or situation that markedly interferes with an individual's ability to function	21
9901787862	social phobias	involves an irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or embarrassed	22
9901798481	preparedness theory	idea that people are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears	23
9901814713	panic disorders	characterized by the sudden occurrence of multiple psychological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror; panic attacks	24
9901825306	agoraphobia	specific phobia involving a fear of public places	25
9901833869	obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)	in which intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic behaviors (compulsions) designed to fend off those thoughts that interfere significantly with an individual's functioning	26
9901860676	post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)	characterized by chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma, and avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind	27
9901878129	mood disorders	mental disorders that have mental disturbances as their predominant feature	28
9901883635	major depressive disorder (MDD or unipolar disorder)	characterized by a severely depressed mood that lasts ≥2 weeks; accompanied by feelings of worthlessness and lack of pleasure (anhedonia), lethargy, and sleep and appetite disturbances	29
9901911566	seasonal affective disorder (SAD)	depression that involves recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern	30
9901929356	helplessness theory	ideal that individuals who are prone to depression automatically attribute negative experiences to causes that are internal, stable, and global	31
9901939030	updated cognitive model	negative schema developed in depressed people through combination of genetic vulnerability and negative early life experiences	32
9901947780	bipolar disorder	unstable emotional condition characterized by cycles of abnormal, persistence high mood (mania) and low mood (depression)	33
9901987097	expressed emotion	measure of how much hostility, criticism, and emotional over-involvement are used when speaking about a family member with a mental disorder	34
9901998828	schizophrenia	characterized by; a profound disruption of a basic psychological processes, distorted perception of reality, altered or blunted emotion and disturbances in thought, mind and behavior	35
9902017214	delusion	patently false belief system, often bizarre and grandiose, that is maintained in spite of its irrationality	36
9902029489	hallucination	false perceptual experience that has a compelling sense of being real despite the absence of external stimulation	37
9902045342	disorganized speech	severe disruption of verbal communication in which ideas shift rapidly and incoherently from one to another unrelated topic	38
9902055781	grossly disorganized behavior	behavior that is inappropriate for the situation or ineffective in attaining goals, often with specific motor disturbances	39
9902067470	dopamine hypothesis	idea that schizophrenia involves an excess of dopamine activity	40
9902088920	autism spectrum disorder (ASD)	condition beginning in early childhood in which a person shows persistent communication deficits as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities	41
9902112838	early theories	childhood schizophrenia	42
9902127136	current model (ASD)	impaired capacity for empathizing; decreased activity in areas associated with understanding others	43
9902138777	attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)	persistent pattern of severe problems with attention and/or hyperactivity or impulsiveness that cause significant impairments in functioning	44
9902153574	conduct disorder	persistent pattern of deviant behavior, involving aggression to people or animals, destruction, or serious rule violations	45
9902167853	personality disorder	characterized by deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulses that cause distress or impaired functioning	46
9902180610	organization of disorders (3)	odd/eccentric, dramatic/erratic, and anxious/inhibited	47
9902197089	suicide	refers to intentional self-inflicted death	48
9902212109	nonfatal suicide attempt	potential harmful behavior with some intention of dying; higher incidence than suicide deaths	49
9902221909	non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI)	direct; deliberate destruction of body tissue in the absence of any intent to die	50
9957414597	positive symptoms (schizophrenia)	include thoughts and behaviors not seen in those without the disorder	51
9957440969	catatonic behavior (schizophrenia)	marked decrease in all movement or an increase in muscular rigidity and overactivity; medication-induced movement disorders	52
9957448084	negative symptoms	are deficits or disruptions to normal emotions and behavior; includes emotional/social withdrawal, apathy, poverty of speech, absence of "normal behavior"	53
9979197958	current theory	heterogeneous set of traits that cluster together in some families	54