AP Language Logical Fallacies Flashcards

11292592722	ad hominem	diverting attention to the person advocating the opposite position rather than their argument; usually with disparaging statements instead of dealing with the issue	0
11292619716	ad misericordiam	presenting pathos as logos	1
11292636781	arguing in a circle/begging the question	one assumes the truth of a premise, draws a conclusion form the premise, then uses this conclusion to prove the initial premise	2
11292644567	bandwagon	implies something is right because everyone is doing it	3
11292649370	card stacking	states only those facts that support the point being made & ignores all other important evidence	4
11292659380	either-or fallacy	gives only 2 alternatives when more exist, thus oversimplifying the issue	5
11292673948	false analogy	a comparison in which differences outweigh the similarities, or assuming if 2 things are alike in 1 or a few ways that they are alike in all ways	6
11292714793	false or irrelevant authority	cites an authority or "expert" who has no claim to expertise on the subject; attempts to transfer prestige from one area to another	7
11292727193	false cause/causal/post hoc ergo propter hoc	confusing chronology with a cause and effect relationship	8
11292731496	hasty generalization	draws a broad conclusion from inadequate evidence (ex. stereotyping)	9
11292740877	non-sequitur	provides evidence that doesn't really prove the point (conclusion doesn't follow from evidence)	10
11292747731	red herring	sidetracks an argument by presenting a totally unrelated issue	11
11292752764	slippery slope	uses one weakness in a position to assume that the whole is doomed to failure	12
11292756577	straw man	oversimplifies and argument to make it easier to refute or to make a choice seem obvious; relies on a creation of a false image of someone else's beliefs	13
11292766268	sweeping generalization/ dicto simplicitor	overly general statement without evidence that needs to be qualified	14
11292789398	contradictory premises	an argument that is contradictory because it asserts and denies the same premise	15
11292794380	hypothesis contrary to fact	offering a poorly supported claim about what might have happened in the past/future if hypothetical conditions were different	16
11292805428	poisoning the well	discrediting a person's claim by presenting unfavorable information (true or false) about the person before they begin speaking	17