Meiosis- AP BIO Flashcards

8848734228	Heredity	passing of traits from one generation to next	0
8848736232	Variation	difference between members of same species	1
8848737707	Gene	Unit of hereditary information encoded on DNA by nitrogen bases	2
8848742953	gametes	hybrid reproductive cells; egg and sperm	3
8848747772	locus	specific location of a gene along length of chromosome	4
8848751835	somatic cells	diploid body cells; nonreproductive cell	5
8848755918	asexual reproduction	generation of offspring involving one parent; offspring are identical to parent (clones)	6
8848755921	genetics	study of heredity	7
8848764068	sexual reproduction	two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from both parents via the gametes	8
8848771340	karyotype	a display of chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape	9
8848781106	homologous chromosomes	pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position and staining pattern that posses genes of the same characters at corresponding loci; one from father and one from mother; homologs	10
8848781107	sex chromosomes	chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual (X and Y chromosomes)	11
8848800385	autosomes	a chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex; non sex chromosome	12
8848804911	diploid	a cell with two sets (paired) chromosomes; 2n somatic cells	13
8848814675	haploid	a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes; 1n; gametes	14
8848817715	fertilization	union of gametes	15
8848820824	zygote	fertilized egg resulting from fertilization	16
8848824649	meiosis	gamete formation; consists of two rounds of cell division to reduce chromosome number in half; results in 4 genetically different daughter cells	17
8848838570	meiosis I	first division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell	18
8848844568	meiosis II	second division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell	19
8848855093	synapsis	pairing and physical connection of duplicated homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis	20
8848862472	recombinant chromosomes	individual chromosomes that carry genes from 2 different parents; occurs because of crossing over	21
8848868386	crossing over	exchange of genes between two homologous chromosomes resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring; occurs during prophase 1; results in genetic recombination	22
8848874796	differences between mitosis and meiosis	synapsis, crossing over, alignment and separation of homologs	23
8848890067	evolutionary advantage of genetic variation	a population evolves through differential reproductive success of its members; those best suited for environment leave more offspring	24
8848941803	prophase I	nuclear envelope breaks down, centriole movement, chromosomes condense, synapsis and crossing over occur	25
8848949523	metaphase I	pairs of homologous chromosomes arrange in middle of the cell	26
8848954154	anaphase I	homologs separate to opposite poles as spindle fibers shorten	27
8848960564	telophase 1 / cytokinesis	nuclei reform in both cells, which contain haploid set of duplicated chromosomes; cytoplasm divides	28
8848969425	prophase II	nuclear envelope breaks down, centriole movement	29
8848977381	metaphase II	replicated chromosomes arrange in middle of cell	30
8848980595	anaphase II	chromatids separate to opposite poles as spindle fibers shorten and centromeres break down	31
8848985796	telophase II / cytokinesis	nuclei reform, chromosomes decondense and cytokinesis occurs, resulting in 4 genetically distinct daughter cells	32