AP World History Chapter 10 Worlds of Christendom Flashcards

8137477716	Caesaropapism	Political-religious system secular ruler head of religious establishment, Byzantine Empire.	0
8137477717	Byzantine Empire	Surviving eastern Roman Empire during the medieval centuries; named after ancient Greek city, site of which Roman emperor Constantine founded a new capital, Constantinople, in 330 C.E.	1
8137477718	Eastern Orthodox Christianity	noted for subordination of Church to political authorities, married clergy, use of leavened bread in Eucharist, and insistence on church councils as ultimate authority in Christian belief and practice.	2
8137477719	Charlemagne	Ruler of Carolingian Empire (r. 768-814) staged imperial revival in Western Europe.	3
8137477720	Constantinople	New capital for eastern half of Roman Empire, established Emperor Constantine(330 C.E.) on site of ancient Greek city of Byzantium	4
8137477721	Roman Catholic Christianity	Western European branch of Christianity gradually defined itself separate from Eastern Orthodoxy, with major break(1054 C.E) still not been healed	5
8137477722	Crusades	Modern term meaning "ventures of the cross," used to describe "holy wars" waged by Western Christendom from 1095 until end of Middle Ages and beyond	6
8137477723	Cyrillic	Alphabet based on Greek letters that developed by two Byzantine missionaries, Cyril and Methodius, to write Slavic languages.	7
8137477724	Cyril and Methodius	Ninth-century Byzantine missionaries to Slavs development of script made it possible to write Slavic languages.	8
8137477725	European cities	Western Europe saw major urbanization in 11th century, towns created major trade networks & notable for high degree of independence they often enjoyed.	9
8137477726	Greek fire	Form of liquid fire sprayed at enemy; invented by Byzantines and very important in efforts to halt Arab advance into Byzantine territory.	10
8137477727	Holy Roman Empire	Term invented in twelfth century to describe Germany-based empire founded by Otto I (962 C.E.)	11
8137477728	Guild	association formed to pursue same line of work regulated professions; provided social and religious network for members.	12
8137477729	hybrid civilization	distinctive path Western Europe in centuries following fall of western Roman Empire, leading to society included elements of ancient Rome, practices of Germanic invaders who formed new states, Christianity, and elements of pre-Roman culture still survived.	13
8137477730	Iconoclasm	Destruction of holy images; term often used to describe Byzantine state policy of image destruction from 726 to 843.	14
8137477731	Indulgence	Remission of penalty (penance) for confessed sin could granted only by pope, first to Crusaders and later for variety of reasons.	15
8137477732	Justinian	Byzantine emperor (r. 527-565 C.E.) his short-lived re-conquest of much former western Roman Empire and his codification of Roman law.	16
8137477733	Kievan Rus	emerged around Kiev (9th century); culturally diverse region included Vikings, Finnic and Baltic peoples. Conversion of Vladimir, Grand prince of Kiev, to Orthodox Christianity in 988 had long-term implications for Russia.	17
8137477734	natural philosophy	Scientific study of nature, developed, in Europe, later Middle Ages.	18
8137477735	Otto I	King of Germany (r. 936-973) consolidated German-northern Italian state, crowned emperor(962) = "Holy Roman Empire."	19
8137477736	system of competing states	Western European political life developed after fall of western Roman Empire (5th century C.E.) existence of many small, independent states encouraged military and economic competition.	20
8137477737	Vikings	Scandinavian raiders impacted Western Europe late 8th - 11th centuries; more peaceful cousins founded colonies, including Newfoundland, Greenland, and Iceland.	21
8137477738	prince of Kiev Vladimir	Grand prince (r. 978-1015 C.E.) whose conversion to Orthodox Christianity led to incorporation of Russia into sphere of Eastern Orthodoxy.	22