AP World History Chapter 28 Vocab Flashcards

8577718319	Western Front	A line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. Scene of most of the fighting between Germany, on the one hand, and France and Britain, on the other.	0
8577718320	Faisal	Arab prince, leader of the Arab Revolt in World War I. The British made him king of Iraq in 1921, and he reigned under British protection until 1933.	1
8577718321	Theodore Herzl	Austrian journalist and founder of the Zionist movement urging the creation of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine.	2
8577718322	Balfour Declaration	Statement issued by Britain's Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour in 1917 favoring the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine.	3
8577718323	Bolsheviks	Radical Marxist political party founded by Vladimir Lenin in 1903. Under Lenin's leadership, the Bolsheviks seized power in November 1917 during the Russian Revolution.	4
8577718324	Vladimir Lenin	Leader of the Bolshevik (later Communist) Party. He lived in exile in Switzerland until 1917, then returned to Russia to lead the Bolsheviks to victory during the Russian Revolution and the civil war that followed.	5
8577718325	Woodrow Wilson	(1856-1924) President of the United States (1913-1921) and the leading figure at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. He was unable to persuade the U.S. Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations.	6
8577718326	League of Nations	International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s, and it was superseded by the United Nations in 1945.	7
8577718327	Treaty of Versailles	The treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans.	8
8577718328	New Economic Policy	Policy proclaimed by Vladimir Lenin in 1924 to encourage the revival of the Soviet economy by allowing small private enterprises. Joseph Stalin ended the N.E.P. in 1928 and replaced it with a series of Five-Year Plans.	9
8577718329	Sun Yat-sen	Chinese nationalist revolutionary, founder and leader of the Guomindang until his death. He attempted to create a liberal democratic political movement in China but was thwarted by military leaders.	10
8577718330	Yuan Shikai	Chinese general and first president of the Chinese Republic (1912-1916). He stood in the way of the democratic movement led by Sun Yat-sen.	11
8577718331	Guomindang	Nationalist political party founded on democratic principles by Sun Yat-sen in 1912. After 1925, the party was headed by Chiang Kai-shek, who turned it into an increasingly authoritarian movement.	12
8577718332	Chiang Kai-shek	General and leader of Nationalist China after 1925. Although he succeeded Sun Yat-sen as head of the Guomindang, he became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong.	13
8577718333	mandate system	Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I, to be administered under League of Nations supervision.	14
8577718334	Margaret Sanger	American nurse and author; pioneer in the movement for family planning; organized conferences and established birth control clinics.	15
8577718335	Max Planck	German physicist who developed quantum theory and was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1918.	16
8577718336	Albert Einstein	German physicist who developed the theory of relativity, which states that time, space, and mass are relative to each other and not fixed.	17
8577718337	Wilbur and Orville Wright	American bicycle mechanics; the first to build and fly an airplane, at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, December 7, 1903.	18
8577725318	Fourteen Points	Peace program presented to U.S. Congress by President Woodrow Wilson in January 1918. Called for evacuation of German-occupied lands, the drawing of borders and the settling of territorial disputes by the self-determination of the affected populations, and the founding of an association of nations to preserve the peace and guarantee their territorial integrity. Rejected by Germany, but made Wilson the moral leader of the Allies in the last year of World War I.	19
8577738886	Ataturk	Founder of modern Turkey. Distinguished himself in the defense of Gallipoli in World War I and expelled a Greek expeditionary army from Anatolia in 1921-1922. Replaced Ottoman Empire with Turkish Republic in 1923. As president, he pushed through a radical Westernization and reform of Turkish society.	20
8577752499	Sigmund Freud	Austrian psychiatrist, founder of psychoanalysis. Argued that psychological problems were caused by traumas, especially sexual experiences in early childhood, that were repressed in later life. His ideas caused controversy among psychologists and in the public. Although his views on repressed sexuality are no longer widely accepted, his psychoanalytic methods are still very influential.	21