AP World History Unit 4 Flashcards

9047932476	Penninsulares	people who had been born in Spain and lived in Latin America @top of social hierarchy in Latin America	0
9047932477	Creoles	Spaniards born in Latin America and @2nd their for social hierarchy	1
9047932478	Meztizos	People who are a mix of Europeans and Natives involved in the encomienda system	2
9047932479	Mulatto	The term used in Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European descent.	3
9047932480	Plantation Complex	1450-1750 : Colonies, such as those in south Africa, new Zealand, Algeria, Kenya and Hawaii where minority European populations lived among a majority of indigenous people -- based upon African slavery beyond the Caribbean ad brazil to encompass the southern colonies of British North America where tobacco, cotton, rice and indigo where major crops where	4
9047932481	Yasak	Also known as a tribute paid in cash or in kind that Russian rulers demanded from the Native peoples of Siberia mainly for pelts.	5
9047932482	Mughal Empire	Muslim empire, early 1500s, in India, which brought new customs that conflicted with the Hindus. 20% people were Muslim (rulers) everyone else was Hindu.	6
9047932483	Safavid Empire	Shia Muslim dynasty that ruled Persia between 16th and 18th centuries. Was the only empire around to practice Shia Islam.	7
9047932484	Akbar	Mughal ruler with a genius for cultural blending, military conquest, and art, put Hindus in military, removed Jizya very tolerant of religion.	8
9086485328	Wahhabism	A type of islam that reformed to the original Islamic beliefs before religious syncretism such as no idol no tobacco and no books on logic.	9
9086485329	Tokugawa Shogunate	Japanese ruling dynasty that strove to isolate it from foreign influences, ended civil wars and unified Japan	10
9086485330	Soft Gold	Nickname for animal furs due to their high value, primarily from Russia	11
9086485331	Renaissance	Rebirth of Greek and Roman culture rejection of Middle Ages. Depicted things as realistic believed in humanism, individualism, secularism	12
9086485332	Secularism	Not related to religion believed in the now and not as much in the afterlife	13
9086485333	Humanism	A belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity	14
9086485334	Johann Gutenberg	Man who created the printing press and changed the production and reading of books	15
9086485335	Leonardo da Vinci	Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect, drew the human body and Mona Lisa	16
9086485336	Protestant Reformation	• movement against Catholic indulgences started by complaints in Martin Luther's 95 Theses created a schism in Christianity	17
9086485337	Catholic Counter Reformation	The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation in which it tried to reform itself.	18
9086485338	Martin Luther	began the Protestant Reformation, wrote 95 Thesis believed salvation could be reached through bible and that teachings should come directly from bible	19
9086485339	95 Theses	Arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church. They were posted on Octobe 31, 1517.	20
9086485340	Tsar	The Russian term for ruler or king; taken from the Roman word caesar.	21
9086485341	Jizya	Poll tax that non-Muslims had to pay when living within a Muslim empire	22
9086485342	Jesuits	Members of the Society of Jesus who helped spread Christianity in China and Spanish America	23
9086485343	Ottoman Empire	A Muslim empire based in Turkey that lasted from the 1300's to 1922. Created by Turkic warriors controlled much of Middle East and coastal north Africa	24
9089724365	Suleiman 1	The most famous sultan of the Ottoman Empire	25
9089724366	Devshirme System	Ottoman system where balkans/Christians were required each conquered village give certain number of young men for army	26
9089724367	Janisarries	elite Ottoman army force	27
9089724368	Sultans	Rulers of Muslim states like the Ottoman Empire	28
9089724369	"God, Glory, Gold"	The motivations for European exploration	29
9089724370	Prince Henry	Portuguese prince who started a school for sailors and sponsored early voyages of exploration, wanted to spread Christianity	30
9089724371	Dutch East India Co.	Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies.	31
9089724372	British East India Company	set up trading posts in India in the 1600s, beginning the British economic interest there	32
9089724373	Ming Dynasty	the imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644	33
9089724374	Zheng He	A Chinese admiral and diplomat who voyaged overseas to promote trade and collect tribute, was in charge of voyages and was supported by the Ming Dynasty	34
9095615649	Aztecs	Located in Mexico capital Tenochtitlan, centralized and didn't assimilate new people. Human sacrifice and tribute were paid	35
9095615650	human sacrifice	a person who is killed as part of a religious ritual to keep cosmos in balance and fuel the sun god	36
9095615651	Incas	Ancient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru had a labor tribute system called Mita wanted material things	37
9095615652	Quipu	An arrangement of knotted strings on a cord, used by the Inca to record numerical information. Used in Incan Empire	38
9095615653	Mita system	Incan system for payment of taxes with labor	39
9095615654	Pochteca	Special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items,like slaves	40
9095615655	Tenochtitlan	The captial city of the Aztecs.	41
9095615656	Cuzco	The capital city of the Incan Empire, Located in present-day Peru	42
9095615657	Macchu Picchu	Inca city on top of Andes Mountains	43
9095615658	Chinampas	floating gardens, in Aztec	44
9095615659	Incan road system	often compared to roman road system due to its reach and complexity, 14000 miles wide	45
9102187430	Qing Dynasty	China's last dynasty, which ruled from 1644 to 1912, reunified China and rebuilt it	46
9102187431	Manchus	Founded the Qing Dynasty	47
9102187432	Christopher Columbus	He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India, for the European crown	48
9102187433	Caravel	a small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th-17th centuries. Used in expeditions	49
9102187434	Astrolabe	Navigational tool that helped explorers sail the Atlantic	50
9102187435	Colonies	territories controlled by other countries, occurred in the Americas most popular are the US Colonies. Goal is to establish new life	51
9102187436	Great Dying	the devastation of American Indian populations by diseases brought over from Europe. Allowed Europeans to more easily subject natives	52
9102187437	Explorers	Christopher Columbus, Zheng He, Vasco de Gama	53
9102187438	Mercantilism	the theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys. Europeans in Americas were tasked with getting goods to Europe to be sold for a higher price. Merchants in spices islands practice this.	54
9102187439	Colombian Exchange	the transfer of slates, plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa	55
9102358452	Atlantic Slave Trade	the buying, transporting, and selling of Africans for work in the Americas, slaves had to cross the middle passage.	56
9102358453	Capitalism	economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit, joint stock company's and mercantilism gave rise to this	57
9102358454	Triangular Trade	A system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain, and Africa	58
9102358455	cash crops	crops, such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton, raised in large quantities in order to be sold for profit	59
9102358456	Joint Stock Company	A business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors.	60