AP World History Chapter 23 Flashcards

9154880925	caravels	Slender, long-hulled vessels utilized by Portuguese; highly maneuverable and able to sail against the wind; key to development of Portuguese trade empire in Asia.	0
9154900283	Vasco de Gama	Portuguese explorer and first European to reach India by sea.	1
9155460984	Asian sea trading network	Prior to intervention of Europeans, consisted of three zones: Arab zone based on glass, carpets and tapestries, India zone based on cotton textiles; China zone based on paper porcelain and silks.	2
9155469390	mercantilists	Economic theorists that stressed governments' promotion of limitations of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues; popular during the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe.	3
9155587183	Ormuz	Portuguese factory or fortified trade town located at southern end of Persian gulf; site for forcible entry into Asian sea trade network.	4
9155587184	Goa	Portuguese factory or fortified trade town located on western India coast; site for forcible entry into Asian sea trade network.	5
9155587185	factories	European trading fortresses with resident merchants; utilized throughout Portuguese trading empire to assure secure landing places commerce.	6
9155696605	Batavia	Dutch fortress located after 1620 on the island of Java.	7
9155696606	Dutch trading empire	The Dutch system extended into Asia with fortified towns and factories, warships on patrol and monopoly control of a limited number of products.	8
9155722589	Luzon	Northern island of Philippines; conquered by Spain during the 1560's; site of major Catholic missionary effort.	9
9155722590	Mindanao	Southern island of the Philippines; a Muslim Kingdom that was able to successfully resist Spanish conquest.	10
9155771705	Francis Xavier	Spanish Jesuit missionary; worked in India in the 1540s with lowcaste and outcaste groups; made little headway among elites.	11
9155799464	Robert di Nobili	(1577-1656) Italian Jesuit missionary; worked in India during the early 1600s; introduced strategy to convert elites first; strategy later widely adopted by Jesuits in various parts of Asia; mission eventually failed.	12
9155808843	Hongwu	First Ming Emperor in 1368; originally of peasant lineage; original name Zhu Yuanzhang; drove out Mongol influence; restored position of scholar gentry.	13
9155849130	Macao	One of the 2 ports where Europeans were permitted to trade with China during the Ming Dynasty.	14
9155849131	Canton	One of the 2 port cities where Europeans were permitted to trade with China during the Ming Dynasty.	15
9155877141	Matteo Ricci and Adam Schall	Jesuit scholars in court of Ming emperors; skilled scientist; won few converts to Christianity.	16
9155894900	Chongzhen	Last of the Ming Emperors; comited suicide in 1644 in the face of Jurchen capture of the Forbidden City of Bejing.	17
9155914315	Oda Nobunaga	(1534-1582) Japenese daimyo; first to make extensive use of firearms; in 1573 deposed last of Ashikaga shoguns; unified much of central Honshu under his command.	18
9155922456	Toyotomi Hideyoshi	General under Nobanga; suceeded as leading military power in Japan; continued efforts to break power of daimyos; constucted a series of military alliances that made him the military master of Japan in 1590; died in 1598.	19
9155924343	Tokugawa Ieyasu	Vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; succeeded him as most powerful military figure in Japan; granted title of shogun in 1603 and established Tokugawa Shogunate; established political unity in Japan.	20
9155937243	Edo	Tokugawa capital city; modern- day Tokyo; center of the Tokugawa Shogunate.	21
9155957847	Deshima	Island in Nagasaki Bay; only port open to non-Japanese after closure of the islands in the 1640s; only Chinese and Dutch ships were permitted to enter.	22
9155968482	School of National Learning	New Ideology that laid emphasis on Japan's unique historical experience and the revival of indigenous culture at the expense of Chinese imporst such as Confuciansim; typical of Japan in the 18th century.	23