AP World History Chapter 25 Flashcards
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| 3995599485 | 1. Toussaint L'Ouverture | leader of slave rebellion on the French sugar island of St. Domingue in 1791; led to creation of independent republic of Haiti in 1804 | 0 | |
| 3995599486 | 2. Joseph Bonaparte | Napoleon's brother, made king of Spain but unable to control the Spanish which led to the costly Peninsula War | 1 | |
| 3995599487 | 3. Mask of Ferdinand | movements in Latin America allegedly loyal to the displaced Bourbon king of Spain, Ferdinand VII; Creole movements for independence | 2 | |
| 3995599488 | 4. Father Miguel de Hidalgo | Mexican priest who established independence movement among American Indians and mestizos in 1810; despite early victories, was captured and executed | 3 | |
| 3995599489 | 5. Augustín de Iturbide | Mexican (creole) army officer who joined forces w/ the Indians and Mestizos won Mexico independence then claimed himself emperor | 4 | |
| 3995599490 | 6. Simon Bolívar | Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule | 5 | |
| 3995599491 | 7. Gran Colombia | Bolivar's plan to unite Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and Columbia; united in 1822 but broke apart in1830 because of geography | 6 | |
| 3995599492 | 8. José de San Martín | South American general and statesman, born in Argentina; leader in winning independence for Argentina, Peru, aand Chile; protector of Peru | 7 | |
| 3995599493 | 9. Dom João VI | Portuguese monarch who established seat of government in Brazil from 1808 to 1820 as a result of Napoleonic invasion of Iberian peninsula; made Rio de Janeiro the capital | 8 | |
| 3995599494 | 10. Dom Pedro I | son and successor of Dom João VI in Brazil; aided in the declaration of Brazilian independence from Portugal in 1822; became constitutional emperor of Brazil | 9 | |
| 3995599495 | 11. Dr. José Rodríguez de Francia | first leader of Paraguay following its independence from Spain; dictator | 10 | |
| 3995599496 | 12. Federalists | supporters of the stronger central government who advocated the ratification of the new constitution | 11 | |
| 3995599497 | 13. Andrés Santa Cruz | Mestizo general who established union of independent Peru and Bolivia between 1829 and 1839 | 12 | |
| 3995599498 | 14. Manifest Destiny | this expression was popular in the 1840's; many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea", from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean; this rationale drove the acquisition of territory | 13 | |
| 3995599499 | 15. Positivism | a quality or state characterized by certainty or acceptance or affirmation | 14 | |
| 3995599500 | 16. Caudillos | military dictator; gained control after independence movements | 15 | |
| 3995599501 | 17. Centralists | people who favor national action over action at the state and local levels | 16 | |
| 3995599502 | 18. Panama Canal | a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States (1904-1914) | 17 | |
| 3995599503 | 19. Monroe Doctrine | an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers | 18 | |
| 3995599504 | 20. Guano | Bird droppings used a fertilizer; a major trade item of Peru in the late nineteenth century | 19 | |
| 3995599505 | 21. Portenos | Buenos Aires inhabitants | 20 | |
| 3995599506 | 22. Fazendas | coffee estates that spread within interior of Brazil between 1840 and 1860; created major export commodity for Brazilian trade; led to intensification of slavery in Brazil | 21 | |
| 3995599507 | 23. Antonio López de Santa Anna | Mexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War | 22 | |
| 3995599508 | 24. Minas Gerais | region of Brazil located in mountainous interior where gold strikes were discovered in 1695; became location for gold rush | 23 | |
| 3995599509 | 25. Bahia | Monotehistic religion founded in 1860's Persia (Iran) by Bahalla | 24 | |
| 3995599510 | 26. Rafael Carrera | farmer who led a revolt and became leader of Guatemala | 25 | |
| 3995599511 | 27. Liberals | people who generally favor government action and view change as progress | 26 | |
| 3995599512 | 28. Lord Canning | British minister U.S. and England issued a warning to other nations to stay out of Latin America to protect the trade routes | 27 | |
| 3995599513 | 29. Auguste Comte | French philosopher remember as the founded of positivism; saw human history as 3 stages: theological, metaphysical and scientific; founded "sociology" | 28 | |
| 3995599514 | 30. Napoleon III | nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, and elected emperor of France from 1852-1870; invaded Mexico when the Mexican government couldn't repay loans from French bankers; set up a new government under Maximillian; refused Lincoln's request that France withdraw | 29 | |
| 3995599515 | 31. Empress Carlota | wife of the first emperor of Mexico; worked with France to lessen their grip on them | 30 | |
| 3995599516 | 32. War of the Triple Alliance | conflict with Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina | 31 | |
| 3995599517 | 33. Antonio Conselheiro | war in Canudos against him; Catholic preacher believed in Milinarianism; hated by authorities, churches, and local landowners; soldiers sent to destroy him and his followers | 32 | |
| 3995599518 | 34. Euclides de Cunha | Brazilian writer | 33 | |
| 3995599519 | 35. José Hernández | poet who offered a romanticized vision of the gaucho and protested its decline in the poem "The Gaucho Martin Fierro" | 34 | |
| 3995599520 | 36. Alberto Blest Gana | Chilean novelist and diplomat; considered the father of Chilean novel | 35 | |
| 3995599521 | 37. Policarpa Salvaterra | (La Pola) Neogranadine seamstress who spied for the Revolutionary forces during the Spanish Reconquista of the Viceroyalty of New Granada | 36 | |
| 3995599522 | 38. War of the Pacific | conflict over the Atacama nitrate fields led in 1879 to this war, which resulted in the humiliating defeat of Bolivia and Peru by Chile; also resulted inBolivia becoming a landlocked country | 37 | |
| 3995599523 | 39. Great Boom | period between 1830 and 1870 in which a few miles of track grew into 900,000 miles of track | 38 | |
| 3995599524 | 40. Generation of 1880 | from 1880-1914 rapid economic growth under liberal presidents and a massive influx of European migrants | 39 | |
| 3995599525 | 41. Golondrinas | "Swallows"; Italian workers who migrated annually between Europe and South America to take advantage of different growing seasons | 40 | |
| 3995599526 | 42. Theodore Roosevelt | 26th President of the U.S.; known for conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal", Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, won the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War | 41 | |
| 3995599527 | 43. "American Way" | the idea that you can work harder and prosper | 42 | |
| 3995599528 | 44. José Enrique Rodó | Uruguayan essayist; called for the youth of Latin America to reject materialism to revert back to Greco-Roman habits of free thought and self enrichment, and to develop and concentrate on their culture | 43 | |
| 3995599529 | 45. Mexican | American War- (1846-1841) the war between the United States and Mexico in which the United States acquired one half of the Mexican territory | 44 | |
| 3995599530 | 46. Gauchos | mounted rural workers in the Rio de la Plata region of Argentina; cowboys | 45 | |
| 3995599531 | 47. Treaty of Guadalupe | Hidalgo- treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million | 46 | |
| 3995599532 | 48. Maximilian von Habsburg | proclaimed emperor of Mexico following intervention of France in 1862; ruled until overthrow and execution by liberal revolutionaries under Benito Juárez in 1867 | 47 | |
| 3995599533 | 49. La Reforma | liberal rebellion of Benito Juárez against the forces of Santa Anna | 48 | |
| 3995599534 | 50. Porfirio Díaz | a dictator who dominated Mexico, permitted foreign companies to develop natural resources and had allowed landowners to buy much of the countries land from poor peasants | 49 | |
| 3995599535 | 51. Juan Manuel de Rosas | federalist leader in Buenos Aires; took power in 1831; commanded loyalty of gauchos; restored local autonomy | 50 | |
| 3995599536 | 52. Cientificos | advisors of government of Porfirio Diaz who were strongly influenced by positivist ideas; permitted government to project image of modernization | 51 | |
| 3995599537 | 53. Argentine Republic | replaced state of Buenos Aires in 1862; result of compromise between centralists and federalists | 52 | |
| 3995599538 | 54. Spanish | American War- In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence | 53 | |
| 3995599539 | 55. Domingo F. Sarmiento | liberal politician and president of the Argentine Republic; author of Facundo, a critique of caudillo politics; increased international trade and launched reforms in education and transportation | 54 | |
| 3995599540 | 56. Modernization theory | a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of technological and cultural differences between nations | 55 | |
| 3995599541 | 57. Dependency theory | the belief that development and underdevelopment were not stages but were part of the same process; that development and growth of areas like western Europe were achieved at the expense of underdevelopment of dependent regions like Latin America | 56 |