AP World History Chapter 2 Flashcards

10477677634	Tigris and Euphrates River Valley location	Southwest Asia (modern day Turkey through Iraq)	0
10477679333	Nile River Valley location	Africa, flows into Mediterranean sea	1
10477682777	Huang He and Chiang Jiang (Yangtze) River Valley Location	eastern China	2
10477686955	Indus River Valley Location	India	3
10477689301	Polytheistic	Worshipping many gods	4
10477690289	Ziggurats	large stepped pyramids, used to hold religious temples and altars	5
10477690853	Hebrews (Jews)	lived in the region of Canaan- present day Israel, Palestine, and Lebanon, present day Jews	6
10477692088	Abraham	According the Hebrew scripture, founded Canaan and settled there in 2000 B.C	7
10477693267	Moses	According to Hebrew, led Hebrews out of Egypt in 1300 B.C. Introduced the 10 commandments	8
10477697878	Ten Commandments	A code of conduct that became very influential in Christian areas	9
10477698375	Jewish Diaspora	The spreading of Jews throughout the Mediterranean world and the Middle East	10
10477699605	The Epic of Giglamesh	The oldest written story on earth, about a Sumerian king, Gilgamesh, who ruled the city	11
10477703751	Cuneiform	the world's first writing system, created by Sumerians. Marks carved onto wet clay tablets.	12
10477709338	Alphabetic Script	A system of symbols (letters) that represent the sounds of speech, as an alternative to cuneiform around 1000 B.C.E.	13
10477710627	Sumer:	A civilization built by nomadic pastoralists called Sumerians who migrated into Mesopotamia	14
10477713067	City-states	Sumerians cities that were independent, each with its own government	15
10477717325	Babylonians	Inhabitants of Babylon, built by invaders of Sumer	16
10477718752	Empire:	A large territory including diverse social groups	17
10477723325	Phoenicians:	Occupied parts of present day Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan around 3000 B.C.E, developed alphabetic script	18
10477726129	Desertification	the creation of desert-like conditions in North America in 5000 b.c.	19
10477727664	King Menes	United lower and upper Egypt in 3100 bc, established his capital at the city	20
10477730930	Pharaoh	the king or queen leading the government	21
10477730931	Hyksos	pastoral nomads who invaded the Middle Kingdom using their advanced technology	22
10477735091	Hittites	Invaded Egypt with their military advantages	23
10477735583	Mummification:	the process of preserving bodies before burial	24
10477736278	Hieroglyphics	Form of picture-writing, at first written on papyrus	25
10477738431	Book of the Dead	A paper book placed in the coffins of dead people that told the story of their lives	26
10477739298	Papyrus	plant used to make a paper-like writing material in ancient Egypt	27
10477740075	Indus River Valley Civilization	Developed in the Indus River Valley in India, core civilization of foundational societies in the area	28
10477741377	Environmental Degradation	Trees were cut down, soil eroded, causing gradual decline of Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro civilizations	29
10477742954	Deforestation	Cutting down too many trees, caused soil to erode	30
10477743606	Aryans	Indo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization; Indo-european speaking peoples from Central Asia who brought horses into India	31
10477747872	Hindi	A language which evolved from commonly used Aryan tongue. Still spoken in Indian countries today	32
10477748705	Vedas and Vedic Age	1500-500 bc, Vedas were a collection of Aryan religious hymns, poems, and songs. Vedic age was Aryan's growing awareness of Dravidian beliefs	33
10477751934	Dharma:	to escape cycle of rebirth, one must perform righteous duties and deeds (Dharma, which determines karma in the next life)	34
10477753669	Karma:	fate (can be good or bad)	35
10477754324	Moksha	Eternal peace and unity with brahma	36
10477755257	Dravidians:	Indigenous peoples of India who interacted with Aryans, impacting Indian society	37
10477756227	Mohenjo-Daro	A sophisticated urban center in the Indus River valley, very few farmers, disappeared likely to environmental degradation and flooding by the Indus River	38
10477759115	Indo-European	relating to the family of languages spoken over the greater part of Europe and Asia as far as northern India.	39
10477759768	Sanskrit	Sacred language of Aryans, brought by them to south asia	40
10477760778	Upahishads	A foundational text for the set of religious beliefs that later became known as hinduism	41
10477761867	Mandate of Heaven	the idea that a just ruler's power was bestowed by the gods	42
10477762853	Xia Dynasty	400 years, all leaders were from the same family (not much is known, as they didn't have writing)	43
10477765174	Shang Dynasty	1750-1027 Bc, lasted 600 years, Shang rulers conquered and created an empire (agricultural based), fell to the Zhou Dynasty	44
10477768495	Zhou Dynasty	Ruled for 900 years. First 200 were the golden age, was very successful	45
10477769437	Pictographs	Graphic symbols, each of which represented an idea	46
10477769964	Chavin	1000 to 200 BC, settlements in Andes mountains, along the cost of what is now Peru	47
10477771585	Olmec	core of mesoamerican advanced civilizations, 1200 to 400 B.C. Agricultural based society	48
10477773941	Austronesian	5000 to 2500 B.C, migrated to New Guinea and introduced agriculture. They also migrated through the pacific islands creating Easter Island and building the famous stone heads.	49