Biochemistry Flashcards

10797641799	Covalent	A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule	0
10797641800	Hydrogen bond	A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule	1
10797641801	Polar	Molecule with partial charges	2
10797641802	Electronegative	The attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond	3
10797641803	Dipole	A molecule or a part of a molecule that contains both positively and negatively charged regions	4
10797641804	Cohesion	Attraction between molecules of the same substance	5
10797641805	Surface tension	An inward force that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid; it causes the surface to behave as if it were a thin skin	6
10797641806	Adhesion	An attraction between molecules of different substances	7
10797641807	Capillary Action	A process powered by adhesion that causes water molecules to move upward through a narrow tube such as the stem of a plant	8
10797641808	Transpiration	Evaporation of water from the leaves and stem of a plant	9
10797641809	Specific heat capacity	the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by one degree celcius	10
10797641810	Latent heat of vaporization	The quantity of heat absorbed by a substance at the point at which it changes from a liquid to a vapor	11
10797641811	Denature	A change in the shape of a protein (such as an enzyme) that can be caused by changes in temperature or pH. Hydrophilic Having an affinity for water	12
10797641812	Hydrophobic	Repelled by water	13
10797641813	Monosaccharide	A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar	14
10797641814	Cellulose	Polysaccharide found in plants that gives structure to cell walls	15
10797641815	Glycogen	An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch	16
10797641816	Condensation	Type of anabolic reaction that builds polysaccharides and disaccharides from monosaccharides	17
10797641817	Hydrolysis	Type of catabolic reaction that breaks down polysaccharides and disaccharides into monosaccharides	18
10797641818	Trigylceride	Lipid molecule formed by a condensation reaction between glycerol and 3 fatty acids	19
10797641819	Amino acids	Building blocks of polypeptides	20
10797641820	Peptide bond	Bond that forms between amino acids	21
10797641821	enzyme	A globular protein that catalyses a specific chemical reaction	22
10797641822	chemical reaction	A process where bonds between atoms are broken and/or formed therefore modifying a substance substrate the reactant of a chemical reaction that is modified by an enzyme	23
10797641823	active site	the region on the surface of an enzyme that makes contact with the substrate. The shape of the active size must exactly match the shape of the substrate	24
10797641824	enzyme specificity	refers to the fact that each enzyme can catalyse only one reaction	25
10797641825	lock and key model	a model used to represent enzyme specificity. The lock represents the enzyme and the key represents the substrate. One one specific key can fit into the lock.	26
10797641826	activation energy	the energy required for a reaction to occur (i.e. how fast the substrates are moving when they collide with each other). Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions.	27