biochemistry Flashcards

7894981947	2 Reasons Atoms Bond	1) To gain a full valence shell 2) To cancel out charges	0
7894992647	Proton Charge	Positive	1
7894992648	Neutron Charge	Neutral	2
7894995363	Electron Charge	Negative	3
7895662512	Isotope	Atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons	4
7895832673	Ion	A charged particle(element)	5
7895837223	2 Types of Bond	Ionic, Covalent	6
7895840930	Covalent Bond	Bond where 2 atoms share 1 or more pairs of electrons	7
7895857177	Ionic Bond	Bonds that form between charged particles to neutralize charges	8
7895863161	What is strongest	Covalent	9
7895877788	Metals bond	Ionic	10
7895882733	What bonds does H form	Both	11
7895882734	molecule	Two or more atoms bonded in covalent bonds(Can not be split)	12
7895891210	compound	One or more atoms bonded by ionic bonds(can be split)	13
7895894792	Organic Molecules	Molecules that contain H,C, usually O	14
7895897792	4 Main Atoms for Life	C, H, O, N	15
7895900576	Macromolecules	"Big molecules"	16
7895928739	4 Types of Macromolecule	Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates	17
7895941468	Inert	Does not form bonds	18
7895951643	atom	smallest particle of an element that still has the the properties of the element	19
7895955536	3 Subatomic particles	electron, neutron, proton	20
7895962468	Matter	Anything that has mass and takes up space	21
7895962470	elements	building blocks of matter	22
7895965064	AMU	Atomic Mass Unit	23
7895967587	Location of subatomic	Protons: nucleus Neutrons: Nucleus Electron: outside nucleus inside electron cloud	24
7895970726	Chemical Reaction	Conversion of reactants into products, anything that breaks and/or forms bonds between atoms or molecules, change properties of reactants	25
7895980913	bonds	hold atoms together	26
7903810887	weight of electron	no mass	27
7903810888	weight of proton	1 AMU	28
7903810889	weight of neutron	1 AMU	29
7903811996	Noble Gasses	Elements on the far right that don't bond with any because they already have a full valence shell	30
7903815178	Why is all life carbon based	Carbon forms 4 bonds, so it is a stable building block for life	31
7903817447	Carbohydrates elemental composition	Made of C, H, O, in a ratio 1:2:1, 3 carbon atoms with a hydroxyl chain bonded to an O	32
7903821845	Monomer unit of carbs	Monosaccharides	33
7903822773	Examples of Monosaccharides	Fructose, Glucose	34
7903823260	Examples of Disaccharides	Sucrose, Lactose	35
7903823710	Examples of Polysaccharides	Cellulose, starch, glycogen, chitin	36
7903824135	Cellulose	A carbohydrate that is the most abundant organic chemical compound. It makes up the structure of plant cell walls, AKA Fiber	37
7903825718	Starch	Plant sugar storage	38
7903826415	Glycogen	Animal sugar storage	39
7903826416	Chitin	used for exoskeletons of arthropods	40
7903826928	Carbs food sources	Most grains, Potatoes, Beans, Legumes, Dairy	41
7903831243	3 Functions of carbs	Provide energy and regulate glucose, Structure of cells and organisms, Used as antibodies to recognize the cells	42
7903834047	Glucose	Sugar that helps regulate glucose	43
7903835139	Reactions of carbs	Dehydration synthesis builds carbs, hydrolysis reactions break up carbs	44
7903836199	Dehydration synthesis	Bonds atoms and produces a water as a byproduct	45
7903836826	Hydrolysis	Uses water to break down molecules	46
7903852289	Protein elemental comp	Made up of sets of amino acids with elements C,H,O,N	47
7903855252	Simple proteins	Made of only amino acids, such as eggs, albumin, globulin	48
7903856170	Conjugate	include non amino acids, such as lipoprotein	49
7903857782	Conformation	Shape of the protein, form affects the function	50
7903858403	Protein monomer units	Amino Acids(some are hydrophobic/hydrophilic)	51
7903859453	Functions	Forms skin pigments, enzymes to speed up chem rxn, hormones(insulin), antibodies, muscle contraction, transports materials, hemoglobin transport oxygen in red blood cells, moves things in/out of cells	52
7903860999	Enzymes	Biological catalysts, speed up chemical reactions and reduce energy needed for them	53
7903867445	ATP	Adenosine Triphosphate, a modified nucleotide that functions as the currency of energy for life	54
7912573929	Composition of ATP	Ribose(simple sugar), Adenine, 3 Phosphate groups	55
7912582779	ATP Generates Energy	Enzyme causes it to lose one phosphate which generates energy	56
7912613950	RNA vs DNA	RNA is Single stranded, while DNA is double stranded, RNA uses ribose as its sugar while DNA uses deoxyribose, and DNA = A,T,G,C while RNA = A, U, G, C	57
7912631007	Function of nucleic acids	Store genetic info, make proteins, regulate genes, central dogma	58
7912684723	Composition of Nucleic Acids	Sugar, Phosphate, nitrogenous base, CHONP	59
7912689929	Monomer units of nucleic acids	Nucleotides	60
7912698132	Function of protein	Pigments, Enzymes, Hormones, Antibodies, Muscle contraction, Transport(through body, hemoglobin, in/out cell)	61