AP Biology Cell Signalling Flashcards

9282386452	signal transduction pathway	The process by which a signal on a cell's surface is converted into a specific cellular response.	0
9282386453	hormones	Circulating chemical signals that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and act on specific target cells.	1
9282386454	ligand	A molecule that specifically binds to another molecule, often a larger one.	2
9282386455	protein kinase	The enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to protein.	3
9282386456	second messengers	Small, non-protein water soluble molecules or ions that send messages throughout the cells by diffusion.	4
9282386457	reception	The target cell's detection of a signal molecule coming from outside the cell.	5
9282386458	transduction	The binding of the signal molecule changes the receptor protein in some way.	6
9282386459	response	The transduced signal finally triggers a specific cellular response.	7
9282386460	G-protein-linked receptor	A plasma membrane receptor that works with the help of a G-protein.	8
9282386461	cyclic AMP	cAMP (a second messenger) activates another protein, usually protein kinase A, leading to cellular response.	9