AP World History--Stearns Chapter 11 Flashcards

11322269342	Aztecs	The Mexica; one of the nomadic tribes that penetrated into the sedentary zone of the Mesoamerican plateau after the fall of the Toltecs; established empire after 1325 around shores of Lake Texcoco.	0
11322269343	Ayllus	Households in Andean societies that recognized some form of kinships and traced descent from some common, and sometimes mythical ancestors.	1
11322269344	Calpulli	Clans in Aztec society, later expanded to include residential groups that distributed land and provided labor and warriors.	2
11322269345	Cannibal Kingdom	The modern interpretation of Aztec society created by Marvin Harris.	3
11322269346	Chichen Itza	Ruins built in the Yucatan. It used to be a temple.	4
11322269347	Chinampas	Beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create "floating island"; system of irrigated agriculture utilized by Aztecs.	5
11322269348	Flowery Death	Death while taking prisoners for the sacrificial knife.	6
11322269349	Huitzilopochtli	Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of cult of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god.	7
11322269350	Indians	Misnomer created by Columbus referring to indigenous people of New World; implies social and ethnic commonality among Native Americans that did not exist; still used to apply to Native American.	8
11322269351	Mita	Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential part of Inca imperial control.	9
11322269352	Nahuatl	Toltec language that the Aztecs also spoke and may have aided their rapid rise to power possible.	10
11322269353	Pachacuti	Ruler of Inca Soceity from 1438 to 1471; launched a series of military campians that gave Incas controls of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca.	11
11322269354	Pochteca	Special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items.	12
11322269355	Quetzalcoatl	Toltec deity; Feathered Serpent; adopted by Aztecs as a major god.	13
11322269356	Split inheritance	Inca practice of descent; all titles and political power went to successor; but wealth and land remained in hand of male descendants for support of cult of dead Inca's mummy.	14
11322269357	Tambos	Way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies on move; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages.	15
11322269358	Inca Socialism	A view created by Spanish authors to describe Inca society as a type of utopia; image of the Inca Empire as a carfully organized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole.	16
11322269359	Temple of the Sun	Inca religious center located at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas.	17
11322269360	Tenochtitlan	Founded c. 1325 on marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became enter of Aztec power; joined with Tlacopan and Texcoco in1434 to form a triple alliance that controlled most of central plateau of Mesoamerica.	18
11322269361	Tlaloc	Major god of Aztecs; associated with fertility and the agricultural; god of rain.	19
11322269362	Toltecs	Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of sedentary agriculture in Mesoamerica; established capital at Tula after migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice.	20
11322269363	Topiltzin	Religious leader and reformer of the Toltecs in 10th century; dedicated to god Quetzalcoatl; after losing struggle for power, went into exile in the Yucatan peninsula.	21
11322269364	Topac Yupanqui	Inca ruler (1471-1493); extended his father's conquests; seized the northern coastal kingdom of Chimor and pushed into Equador.	22
11322269365	Twantinsuyu	Word for Inca Empire; region from present-day Colombia to Chile and eastward to northern Argentina,	23
11322269366	Yanas	A class of people within Inca society removed from their ayllus to serve permentantly as servants, artisans, or workers for the inca or the Inca nobility.	24