AP World History Strayer Chapter 9 Vocabulary Flashcards

11413602675	Qur'an	Definition: Islamic sacred book of Muhammad's life and message. Significance: The word of God that the Muslims believe and follow.	0
11413602676	Umma	Definition: The entire community of Muslims bound together by ties of religion. Significance: Goal of creating a just and moral society where all believers are community (equality).	1
11413602677	Pillars of Islam	Definition: (1) Allah is the one true God. (2) 5 daily prayers. (3) Charitable. (4) Fast of Ramadan. (5) Hajj. Significance: Rules followed every day. The lifestyle to be good and responsible as a Muslim.	2
11413602678	Hijra	Definition: Muhammad fled from Mecca to Medina. Significance: Other merchants didn't appreciate Muhammed, so he left to Medina (another holy place). He came back to Mecca to reconquer it later.	3
11413602679	Sharia	Definition: Islamic law based on teachings of the Qur'an. Significance: It's the foundation of Muslim Law and how Muslims live their lives (with the Ulama as the judge).	4
11413602680	Jizya	Definition: Poll tax paid by non-Muslims (minority groups) within Muslim empire. Significance: Allowed religious freedom through taxes. Christians and Jews were allowed within the empire because Muslims wanted more trading opportunities.	5
11413602681	Ulama	Definition: Doctors of Muslim religion and law. Significance: Religiously trained scholars and authorities to look to for Qur'an and Muslim faith.	6
11413602682	Umayyad Caliphate	Definition: 2nd of the 4 major caliphates (rule/reign of chief Muslim ruler). Significance: Construction of Mosques to symbolize imperial power. It was short lived because of the favor of Arabs.	7
11413602683	Abbasid Caliphate	Definition: 3rd of the 4 major caliphates. Significance: Founded the city of Baghdad, the capital of the "Golden Age" (enlightenment and prosperity).	8
11413602684	Sikhism	faith, blended Hinduism and Islam, Monotheistic	9
11413602685	Al-Ghazali	Definition: Islamic thinker who was a scholar. He argued for rationale. Significance: He believed that rational philosophy alone could never enable believers to know about Allah. They must know in their heart. (Caused Sufism).	10
11413602686	Ibn Battuta	Definition: Visited West Africa and criticized the Muslim practices there. Significance: Detailed account of visits to Islamic lands, and documented travels. He provided insight.	11
11413602687	Timbuktu	Definition: Port city of Mal by the Niger River. Significance: Contained library and university. It was the center of Islamic religious and intellectual life.	12
11413602688	Anitolia	Christians invaded by Turkish Islam, quickly converted to islam, Ottoman Empire	13
11413602689	al-Andalus	Definition: Chief site of Islamic encounter with Christian Europe (conquered by Arab and Berber forces). Significance: Muslims, Christians, and Jews contributed to culture. A place of harmony and tolerance (75% converted to Islam).	14
11413602690	Madrassas	Definition: (11th century) Formal colleges, offered more advanced instructions in Qur'an and sayings of Muhammad. It was the informal teachings with text memorization. Significance: Another way Ulama passed on teachings of the faith, and important knowledge of the faith.	15
11413602691	House of Wisdom	Definition: Baghdad, the center for research and translation of scientific, medical, and philosophical texts. Significance: Islamic ideas circled the world, and Greek information was being translated into Arabic.	16
11413602692	Ibn Sina	Definition: Writer in almost all fields of science and philosophy. Significance: Set standards for medical practice in Islamic and Christian worlds. Accurately diagnosed many disease and found treatments, and revolutionary writings.	17